Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Question
Botox is a cosmetic procedure where botulinum toxin is administered at controlled doses in order to minimize or eliminate wrinkles on the face. This toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine. Explain how botox injection produces such desired result. Use the images as guide to the answer
Transcribed Image Text:Depolarizati
on
Closing of
Channels
Opening of
Na*
channels
Influx of
Na+
Repolarizati
on
Inactivatio
n of Na*
channels
Efflux of K*
Opening of
K* channels
Transcribed Image Text:Action potential propagated along the motor neuron reaches the axon terminus
The axon terminus contains voltage-gated Ca?* channels
Impulse reaches the
Transverse Tubule
(an invagination in
the muscle CM)
Opening of voltage-
gated Ca2+ channels
Depolarization
Influx of Ca2+ into
the motor neurons,
particularly the
Stretch-gated
channels (Ca²+
release channels)
attached to the
Figure 2
voltage-gated Ca²+
channels open
аxons
Ca2+ stored in
Motor neurons
release vesicles
containing the
neurotransmitter
ACETYLCHOLINE
sarcoplasmic
reticulum will flood
the cytosol of the
muscle cells
Influx of Na*
Activation of the
ligand-gated Na*
channels in the
skeletal muscle CM
via acetylcholine
Acetylcholine will be
released into the
Muscle Contraction
synapse
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