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- 5. An article in the Financial Times noted that toll road that connects two counties in Massachusetts was not generating as much toll revenue as predicted. At that time, the toll rate was $8 for a passenger car making a round trip from end to end on the tollway during rush hour. What type of additional information would you need to know in order to determine if the toll should be increased or decreased to maximize revenue?6. What is the expected impact of increased security measures imposed by the federal government on (a) airline fares and (b) volume of travel. Demonstrate your answers graphically.5. Consider a monocentric model with fixed housing unit h and the utility of residents u=c, where c is the consumption of the composite goods. The budget constraint of each resident living at distance d from the CBD is c + ph = w-dt, where w is wage, p is housing rental rate, t is the unit commuting cost in distance. The city is open and free migration in and out. The external utility they obtain out of the city is ū= 10. The rental rate on agricultural land is pA. (a) Illustrate why the consumption of residents living in all parts of the city will be equalized. (b) Derive the housing rental rate (p) as a function of d, distance from the CBD, What is the slope? Draw a figure with p at the y-axis and d at the x axis. (c) Discuss how the boundary of the city is determined in this model, how would the boundary of the city respond to wage w and commuting cost t?
- Define positive and negative discounting and give examples of each4.1. The vote-for-two method works as follows: Candidates get apoint whenever a voter ranks them first or second. The candidate withthe most points is declared to be the winner (or if several candidates tiefor the most points, they are all declared to be winners).(a) Does the vote-for-two method satisfy the Condorcet criterion?(b) Does the vote-for-two method satisfy the anti-Condorcet criterion?(c) Does the vote-for-two method satisfy the Pareto property?(d) Is the vote-for-two method independent?5.19 explain.
- 5. Briefly explain why the following statements are either TRUE or FALSE: a. Behavioral economists question the assumption that individuals maximize utility. b. All economists agree that if most people in Sweden chose the default fund for the investment of their social security funds, it must have been the best fund. c. If preferences are shaped by society and are not "given," this will have repercussions for economists' theories of choice.31 Joe Low Effort Sarah Low Effort High Effort 7 7 High Effort 15 5 13 6 10 9 The figure shown represents the payoffs involved when Sarah and Joe work on a school project together for a single grade. They both will enjoy a higher grade when more effort is put into the project, but they also get pleasure from goofing off and not working on the project. The payoffs can be thought of as the utility each would get from the effort they individually put forth and the grade they jointly receive. What payoff can we predict Joe will receive as the outcome of this game? Multiple Choice О О 5 7 О 13Exercice 2: c 1. Can you give an example of a market that, according to Sandel, is likely to have a corrupting effect in the above sense? 2. Who worries more about the corrupting effects of markets: Sandel OR Jason Brennan and Peter Jaworski?
- Communities are frequently concerned about whether or not police are vigilant in carrying out their responsibilities. Several communities have experimented with incentive compensation for police. In particular, some cities have paid members of the police force based on the number of arrests that they make.Requirements:1. Discuss the likely positive and negative effects of this compensation policy.2. Suggest improvements to the compensation policy.(answer for this Part should be maximum half to one page long, single-spaced)Which economic concept most closely relates to the legal concept of justiciability? economies of scale pareto optimality diminishing marginal returns O comparative advantageProblem: Imagine you have two competing athletes who have the option to use an illegal and dangerous drug to enhance their performance (i.e., dope). If neither athlete dopes, then neither gain an advantage. If only one dopes, then that athlete gains a massive advantage over their competitor, reduced by the medical and legal risks of doping (the athletes believe the advantage over their competitor outweighs the risks from doping ). However, if both athletes dope, the advantages cancel out, and only the risks remain, putting them both in a worse position than if neither had been doping. What outcome do we expect from these two athletes? Please use ideas like concepts of monopolies, Oligopolies and Game Theory and Factor markets for this scenario.