EVOLUTION CONNECTION Crossing over is thought to beevolutionarily advantageous because it continually shufflesgenetic alleles into novel combinations. Until recently, it wasthought that the genes on the Y chromosome might degenerate because they lack homologous genes on the X chromosomewith which to pair up prior to crossing over. However, when theY chromosome was sequenced, eight large regions were foundto be internally homologous to each other, and quite a few ofthe 78 genes represent duplicates. (Y chromosome researcherDavid Page has called it a “hall of mirrors.”) Explain what mightbe a benefit of these regions.

Q: 9

A: Calico cats are any cats which have tricolor coats. The coat color for the cats is present on the X…

Q: Chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans all have 48 chromosomes, whereas humans have 46. Human…

A: When a part of a chromosome breaks off and gets translocated to another chromosome, leading to…

Q: Kidney stones are calcium-rich crystals that form inside the kidney. What symptoms would you expect…

A: Kidney stones are small stones within the kidneys. Stones that get lodged into ureter are known as…

Q: Can simple translocations ever be balanced? I know with reciprocal translocations that if you're…

A: Exchange of genetic information between different parts of the chromosome is called genetic…

Q: While conducting field studies on a chain of islands, you decide tokaryotype two phenotypically…

A: When individuals of the same specie are geographically isolated, it may happen that the population…

Q: Describe two differences among these chromosomes.

A: Chromosome mapping is the arrangement of the chromosomes. Genetic mapping provides a clue about the…

Q: In an epic battle, the Green Goblin was able to wound Spider-Man aind collect a samplle of his…

A: Crossing over is a phenomenon that occurs in the linked genes. When the crossing over occurs between…

Q: A species of antelope has 20 chromosomes per set. The species isdivided by a mountain range into two…

A: Natural selection is a progressive evolutionary process which is brought about by the alteration in…

Q: In Drosophila, M. Green found a singed allele (sn) withsome unusual characteristics. Females…

A: Each gene in the DNA that is coding for a specific protein/trait has two variants called alleles.…

Q: When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the F2 generation…

A: The result observed by Thomas Hunt Morgan, where all the white-eyed flies in the F2 generation were…

Q: You find two different notch-winged fruit flies in your normally smooth-winged collections. After…

A: Notched wing trait is recessive homozygous.  Suppose that it is denoted by nn Smooth winged…

Q: 2n = 2 pairs of G1 → S→ G2 homologous -> -> chromosomes Skip prophase I, do not draw crossing over…

A: Step 1: The image shows the cell cycle and the phenomenon of non disjunction in the form of a…

Q: Two different genes are located on the same chromosome in rabbits. A particular female rabbit is…

A: Genes on different chromosomes are inherited independently of each other because each pair of…

Q: A research paper published in the summer of 2012presented a method to obtain the whole-genome…

A: Amniocentesis is the medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and…

Q: Let’s suppose that you have made a karyotype of a female fruit flywith red eyes and found that it…

A: As per question, there are three different eye colors X-linked alleles prevailing in the population…

Q: While working with Drosophila, you discover a mutant with green eyes. You first create a strain of…

A: "Genetics" is the study of the functioning and main codes of variation and heredity. Inheritance is…

Q: On a camping trip, you find one male snail on a desertedisland that coils to the right. However, in…

A: Introduction  The life starts from single cell called Zygote. A zygote is formed by the fusion of…

Q: Why should the relative distance between two loci influencethe amount of recombination and crossing…

A: Chromosomal hybrid, or crossover, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual multiplication…

Q: What type of chromosomal rearrangement is likely explained the evolution of human chromosome 2 from…

A: Chromosomes  The long thread like structure chromatin condensed to form thick short structure in…

Q: Drosophila researchers have collected many strainsthat carry a single recombinant P element…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for…

Q: On rare occasions, an organism may have three copies of achromosome and therefore has three copies…

A: Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly…

Q: . If you intercrossed F1 heterozygotes of the form A b / a B in mice, the phenotypic ratio among the…

A: Understanding the relationship between genes, their inheritance patterns, and their physical…

Q: Draw relevant schemes of karyotypes for a female with a classical Down syndrome (trisomy 21),…

A: Part-1) A female with down syndrome would typically have 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46.…

Q: Discuss the principles of the chromosome theory of inheritance. Whichprinciples do you think were…

A: Inheritance is the process by which genetic information is transferred from one generation to…

Q: Why does more crossing over occur between two distantly linkedgenes than between two genes that are…

A: Answer- Crossing over is the mechanism in which a part of the sister chromatids of the homologous…

Q: A female fruit fly has one normal X chromosome and one X chromosomewith a deletion. The deletion…

A: Deletion: Chromosome segment comprises 1 or more genes separates and is lost. It is further of two…

Q: DRAW IT Suppose, as in the questionat the bottom of Figure 15.9, the parental(P generation) flies…

A: Consider the following V= Normal wing v= Vestigial wing G= Gray body-color g= Black body-color Then,…

Q: The other difference in alleles stems from the fact that our 23rd chromosome pair is unique. This…

A: Sex chromosomes determine the sex of an organism. An individual with XX- will be a girl. An…

Q: In March 2013, the American Journal of HumanGenetics published a report that an AfricanAmerican man…

A: Evolution is a change over the populations that happened gradually. Species can evolve because of…

Q: . In ordered tetrad analysis, what is the maximumRF that you could observe between a gene and…

A: RF means the recombinant frequency is a measure of the distance separating the two genes along a…

Q: How is it still balanced if, let's say we have 100% chromosome A and 100% chromosome B. In simple…

A: Translocation is a phenomena in which genetic material is transferred from one chromosome to be…

Q: A crossover has occurred in the bivalent shown in figure.What is the outcome of this single…

A: Genetics is the branch of biology which deals with genes, heredity, and genome in the organism.…

Q: 1-If two loci are 30 cM apart, what proportion of the cells in prophase of the first meiotic…

A: Note: As Per Guidelines, We Can Answer One Question At A Time. Ask Again To get rest answers.…

Q: Fathers contribute more new point mutations to theirchildren than mothers. You may know from general…

A: Each cell possess 23 pairs of chromosomes with 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex…

Q: A male Drosophila from a wild-type stock is discovered to have only seven chromosomes, whereas…

A: As mentioned the chromosome IV is attached to the distal end (which is farther from the centromere…

Q: Item 10 10 of 15 A cross in Drosophila melanogaster involved the recessive X-linked genes for white…

A: Three point test cross involves three genes.

Q: why The chromatids formedby recombination within the inversion loop of a paracentric…

A: When the region between two breaks of the same chromosome rotate 180°, it results in chromosomal…

Q: 1. How many sets of DNA molecules or chromosomes does a diploid organism have? 2. How many sets of…

A:

Q: If you assume Figure 2-15 also applies to mice and youirradiate male sperm with X rays (known to…

A: The similar regions in two chromosomes  are considered to be homologous. Hence the X and Y…

Q: Recessive maternal effect genes are identified in flies (for example)when a phenotypically normal…

A: Drosophila is usually used for genetic studies in the laboratory. The phenotype of the offspring can…

Q: In Figure 15-3a, what would the kernel phenotype be ifthe strain were homozygous for all dominant…

A: The genetic background, or the sum of all genes affecting the anthocyanin pathway, determines the…

Q: While most animals cannot tolerate polyploidy, somemollusks, such as oysters, can. Although wild…

A: Some mollusks such as oysters tolerate polyploidy. Farmed oysters are triploid while the wild…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.