|Chromosome 1 4. Human Chimpanzee (((C () Gorilla Orangutan |Chromosome 2 Human Chimpanzee Gorilla Orangutan Chromosome 3 koloo مد مفيفها مفرها مق ب Human Chimpanzee Gorilla Orangutan Inversion
Describe two differences among these chromosomes.
Chromosome mapping is the arrangement of the chromosomes. Genetic mapping provides a clue about the position, structure, and location of the chromosomes. To study the cytogenetics of chromosome; G-banding or Giemsa banding technique used.
A karyotype is the arrangement and appearance of the chromosomes in the nucleus of the Eukaryotic cell. Karyotyping specifically used to study the number of chromosomes, positions, banding patterns, or differences between the sex chromosomes.
It is very challenging to figure out these aspects with simple staining procedures that apply uniform color to all structures or parts of the chromosome. Hence, the G-banding technique developed to specifically highlights light and dark bands.
G-Banding is useful in the detection of genetic diseases through photographic visualizations of the entire chromosome.
In this technique- the metaphase chromosomes are partly digested and treated with trypsin, later
stained with the Giemsa stain. The dark bands refer to the rich A and T regions while light regions refer to the G and C rich regions.
Difference among the chromosome 1.
- The p arm of the human chromosome has 17 dark bands whereas, the p arm of chimpanzee and orangutan has 13 dark bands. The p arm of the gorilla has 14 dark bands.
- The total length of the gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan chromosome is less than the human’s chromosome.
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