Environment: Clean Forest Phenotype Frequency Allele Frequency Genotype Frequency Environment: Polluted Forest Moths Released G1 G₂ G3 G4 Gs Typica 250 125 88 83 76 29 Carbonaria 750 510 735 885 1042 1406 Total 1000 635 823 968 1118 1435 Phenotype Frequency Typica Carbonaria Allele Frequency q P Color Initial Frequency 0.25 Light 0.75 Dark Frequency G5 0.02 0.98 Allele Initial Allele Frequency G5 Allele Frequency d D 0.50 0.50 0 0 Genotype Frequency Moths Genotype Color Moths Released Initial Frequency Frequency G5 Number of Moths G5 q² Typica dd Light 250 0.25 2pq Carbonaria Dd Dark 500 0.50 p² Carbonaria DD Dark 250 0.25

Environment: Clean Forest Phenotype Frequency Allele Frequency Genotype Frequency Environment: Polluted Forest Moths Released G1 G₂ G3 G4 Gs Typica 250 125 88 83 76 29 Carbonaria 750 510 735 885 1042 1406 Total 1000 635 823 968 1118 1435 Phenotype Frequency Typica Carbonaria Allele Frequency q P Color Initial Frequency 0.25 Light 0.75 Dark Frequency G5 0.02 0.98 Allele Initial Allele Frequency G5 Allele Frequency d D 0.50 0.50 0 0 Genotype Frequency Moths Genotype Color Moths Released Initial Frequency Frequency G5 Number of Moths G5 q² Typica dd Light 250 0.25 2pq Carbonaria Dd Dark 500 0.50 p² Carbonaria DD Dark 250 0.25

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337408332

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter45: Community Ecology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1SQ: The type of physical environment in which a species typically lives is its _______. a. niche b....

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All but one species of large birds native to New Zealands tropical forests are now extinct. Numbers of the one surviving species, the kereru (Hemiphaga, novae seelandine), are declining rapidly due to habitat loss, poaching, predation, and interspecies competition that wiped out the other native birds. The keruru is the only remaining dispersal agent for several native tress that produce big seeds and fruits, mainly because it is the only remaining species that can swallow big fruits (left) and expel big seeds whole. One of these trees, the puriri (Vitex lucens), is New Zealands most valued hardwood. Explain, in terms of natural selection, what would happen to puriri trees in New Zealand if the kereru becomes extinct.
The first species to live on new land, such as that formed from volcanic lava, are called__________. climax community keystone species foundation species pioneer species
Most commonly, individuals of a population show a _______ distribution within their habitat. a. clumped b. random c. nearly uniform d. none of the above
Tree Rings Reveal Droughts El Malpais National Monument, in west central New Mexico, has pockets of vegetation that have been surrounded by lava fields for about 3,000 years, so they have escaped wildfires, grazing animals, agricultural activity, and logging. Henri Grissino-Mayer generated a 2,129-year annual precipitation record using tree ring data from living and dead trees in this park (FIGURE 27.22). FIGURE 27.22 Annual precipitation record for 2,129 years, inferred from compiled tree ring data in El Malpais National Monument, New Mexico. Data were averaged over 10-year intervals; the graph correlates with other indicators of rainfall collected in all parts of North America. PDSI, Palmer Drought Severity Index: 0, normal rainfall; increasing numbers mean increasing excess of rainfall; decreasing numbers mean increasing severity of drought. A severe drougt contributed to a series of catastrophic dust storms that turned the midwestern United States into a "dust bowl" between 1933 and 1939. Around a.d.770, the Mayan civilization began to suffer a massive population loss, particularly in the southern lowlands of Mesoamerica. The El Malpais tree ring data show a drought during that time. Was it more or less severe than the Dust Bowl drought in 19331939?
Lizards that eat flies they catch on the ground and birds that catch and eat flies in the air are engaged in ______ competition. a. exploitative b. interference c. intraspecific d. interspecific e. both a and d f. both b and c
Growth of a forest in an abandoned corn field is an example of _______. a. primary succession b. resource partitioning c. secondary succession d. competitive exclusion
Species with limited resources usually exhibit a(n)______ growth curve. logistic logical experimental exponential
About what percentage of land on the planet is set aside as a preserve of some type? 1 percent 6 percent 11 percent 15 percent
Testing Biological Control Biological control agents are used to battle red imported fire ants. Researchers have enlisted the help of Thelohania solenopsae, a natural enemy of the ants. This microsporidian (Section 23.4) is a parasite that infects ants and shrinks the ovaries of the colony's egg-producing female (the queen). As a result, a colony dwindles in numbers. Are these biological controls useful against imported fire ants? To find out, USDA scientists treated infested areas with either traditional pesticides or pesticides plus biological controls (both flies and the parasite). The scientists left some plots untreated as controls. FIGURE 45.16 shows the results. FIGURE 45.16 A comparison of two methods of controlling red imported fire ants. The graph shows the numbers of red imported fire ants over a 28-month period. Orange triangles represent untreated control plots. Green circles are plots treated with pesticides alone. Black squares are plots treated with pesticide and biological control agents (parasitoid flies and a microsporidian parasite). How did population size in the control plots change during the first four months of the study?
Mountain gorillas are a highly endangered primate species, with 800 or so individuals surviving in the two remaining populations. A recent sampling of mountain gorilla genomes revealed a very low level of genetic diversity. Explain why a decline in genetic diversity often accompanies a decline in population size.
A population of 1,000 individuals experiences 462 births and 380 deaths in 1 year. What is the value of r for this population? a. 0.842/individual/year b. 0.462/individual/year c. 0.380/individual/year d. 0.820/individual/year e. 0.082/individual/year