e) you do not need to change it. 4. If a thin film has a thickness equal to 1/4th of a wavelength then a) constructive interference will always occur, d) destructive interference will always occur or c) neither of these will always be true. The polarizers are oriented at a 90° angle to one another. A third polarizer is oriented at an

e) you do not need to change it. 4. If a thin film has a thickness equal to 1/4th of a wavelength then a) constructive interference will always occur, d) destructive interference will always occur or c) neither of these will always be true. The polarizers are oriented at a 90° angle to one another. A third polarizer is oriented at an

Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781305116399

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter35: The Nature Of Light And The Principles Of Ray Optics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 35.1OQ: In each of the following situations, a wave passes through an opening in an absorbing wall. Rank the...

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(a) Is light from the sky polarized? (b) Why is it that clouds seen through Polaroid glasses stand out in bold contrast to the sky?
(a) Light reflected at 62.5° from a gemstone in a ring is completely polarized. Can the gem be a diamond? (b) At what angle would the light be completely polarized if the gem was in water?
Unreasonable Results To save money on making military aircraft invisible to radar, an inventor decides to coat them with a non-reflective material having an index of refraction of 1.20, which is between that of air and the surface of the plane. This, he reasons, should be much cheaper than designing Stealth bombers. (a) What thickness should the coating be to inhibit the reflection of 4.00-cm wavelength radar? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?
A soap bubble (n = 1.33) having a wall thickness of 120 nm is floating in air. (a) What is the wavelength of the visible light that is most strongly reflected? (b) Explain how a bubble of different thickness could also strongly reflect light of this same wavelength. (c) Find the two smallest film thicknesses larger than the one given that can produce strongly reflected light of this same wavelength.
(a) Find the maximum number of lines per centimeter a diffraction grating can have and produce a maximum for the smallest wavelength of visible light. (b) Would such a grating be useful for ultraviolet spectra? (c) For infrared spectra?
Unpolarized light passes through three polarizing filters. The first filter has its transmission axis parallel to the z direction, the second has its transmission axis at an angle of 30.0 from the z direction, and the third has its transmission axis at an angle of 60.0 from the z direction. If the light that emerges from the third filter has an intensity of 250.0 W/m2, what is the original intensity of the light?
Refer to Problem 37 for its description of the reflected intensity of light normally incident on an interface between two transparent media. (a) For light normally incident on an interface between vacuum and a transparent medium of index n, show that the intensity S2 of the transmitted light is given by S2/S1 = 4n/(n + 1)2. (b) Light travels perpendicularly through a diamond slab, surrounded by air, with parallel surfaces of entry and exit. Apply the transmission fraction in part (a) to find the approximate overall transmission through the slab of diamond, as a percentage. Ignore light reflected back and forth within the slab.
Integrated Concepts (a) On a day when the intensity of sunlight is 1.00 kW/m2, a circular lens 0.200 m in diameter focuses light onto water in a black beaker. Two polarizing sheets of plastic are placed in front of the lens with their axes at an angle of 20.0°. Assuming the sunlight is un-polarized and the polarizers are 100% efficient, what is the initial rate of heating of the water in °C/s, assuming it is 80.0% absorbed? The aluminum beaker has a mass of 30.0 grams and contains 250 grams of water. (b) Do the polarizing filters get hot? Explain.
Figure P36.35 shows a radio-wave transmitter and a receiver separated by a distance d and both a distance h above the ground. The receiver can receive signals both directly from the transmitter and indirectly from signals that reflect from the ground. Assume the ground is level between the transmitter and receiver and a 180 phase shift occurs upon reflection. Determine the longest wavelengths that interfere (a) constructively and (b) destructively.
(a) Find the angle of the third diffraction minimum for 633-nm light falling on a slit of width 20.0 m. (b) What slit width would place this minimum at 85.0°? Explicitly show how you follow the steps in Problem-Solving Strategies for Wave Optics
You use a sequence of ideal polarizing filters, each with its axis making the same angle with the axis of the previous filter, to rotate the plane of polarization of a polarized light beam by a total of 45.0. You wish to have an intensity reduction no larger than 10.0%. (a) How many polarizers do you need to achieve your goal? (b) What is the angle between adjacent polarizers?
A telescope can be used to enlarge the diameter of a laser beam and limit diffraction spreading. The laser beam is sent through the telescope in opposite the normal direction and can then be projected onto a satellite or the Moon. (a) If this is done with the Mount Wilson telescope, producing a 2.54-m-diameter beam of 633-nm light, what is the minimum angular spread of the beam? (b) Neglecting atmospheric effects, what is the size of the spot this beam would make on the Moon, assuming a lunar distance of 3.84108 m?