Draw roughly the comparative electrophoretic mobilities of close circular DNA, open circular DNA and super coiled DNA, all having the same molecular weight.

Q: Describe the banding pattern seen in the gel. What does that tell you about the role of annealing…

A: Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique for separating charged molecules such as DNA, RNA, and…

Q: Consider the following types of cells: F+, F-, Hfr, and F’ cells. Which of these four types of cells…

A:

Q: What are the basic steps involved in cloning foreign DNA into a vector?  How do you differentiate an…

A: Cloning Cloning refers to the making of identical copies. DNA cloning is a molecular biology…

Q: in the cloning vector, what would be the plausible impacts if a mutation at the Ori site renders it…

A: The origin of replication (ori) and all of its regulatory components make up the replicon. DNA…

Q: Outline the procedure of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and explain how it was used to…

A: Immunoprecipitation is the process of separating out a specific protein from a group of protein. It…

Q: Discuss the process and principle involved for screening/selection of hosts (last stage of cloning)…

A: Molecular cloning or cloning is a technique to assemble DNA of two different organisms and directing…

Q: Describe the rationale behind the electrophoretic mobility shift assay.

A: Nucleic acid is serving as primary information carrying molecule in cells. There are two types of…

Q: A student cloned Claudin 1 (877 bp) gene into pTRE3G-BI-ZsGreen1 (total size is 8905 bp) vector…

A: A recombinant plasmid refers to a DNA molecule created by combining DNA from two or more different…

Q: In an in situ hybridization experiment, what is the relationship betweenthe base sequence of the…

A: Hybridization refers to the pairing or bonding of two different molecules.

Q: Describe the molecular features of a BAC cloning vector. What is theprimary advantage of a BAC…

A: Cloning is defined as the process of formation of the individuals possessing identical DNA. This…

Q: A 2.0kb bacterial plasmid ‘BS1030’ is digested with the restriction endonuclease Sau3A; the plasmid…

A: Plasmids are small, circular, double stranded, and extrachromosomal bacterial DNA. i.e. it is…

Q: An 9 kb circular plasmid is cut with the EcoRI restriction enzyme, and the reaction products are run…

A: Restriction enzymes are special enzymes that are known as nucleotide scissors as their role in cells…

Q: Describe the different vectors that you would use for cloning DNA fragments of lengths 2,000;…

A: A cloning vector is a small piece of DNA that can be stably maintained in an organism, and into…

Q: Briefly describe the method of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq). How is it used…

A: Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing: It is a slight modification of the basic amino…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.