Answered: Discuss the reasons proteins were…

Discuss the reasons proteins were generally favored over DNA as the genetic material before 1940. What was the role of the tetranucleotide hypothesis in this controversy

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter14: Dna Structure And Replication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK: Working on the Amazon River, a biologist isolated DNA from two unknown organisms, P and Q. He...

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1. How many genes are needed to sustain life?2. Using a flow diagram, trace the history of the discovery of the DNA as the genetic material?3. Following Chargaff’s rule, what is the percent concentration of other nitrogenous bases if the concentration of Adenine is 21%?4. In the double helix model of DNA by Watson and Crick, what is the distance between successive bases and how many base pairs will complete one full turn?5. Based on literature, the number of genes in the human genome is lower compared to rice but rice have fewer chromosomes and lesser amount of DNA than humans. What is the main reason for this difference in the DNA-gene ratio?6. What are introns? Where are they located in the DNA?7. What are exons? What is their function?8. What proportion in the human genome are actual genes?9. What sequences form most of the human genome? What is their significance in the expression of genes?10. What are tandem repeats?
1. Compare the sugar-phosphate arrangement in the backbone of the DNA from the plant, the mammal and the bacterium. Are there any differences? 2. Which bases are present in the DNA of the plant? The mammal? The bacterium? Are the same bases present in all three cases? Are the bases in the same order?
1. Based on Chargaff' s rules, if a segment of DNA is composed of 20% adenine (A) bases, what is the percentage of guanine (G)? 2. Watson and Crick' s discovery of DNA is clearly one of the most important biological discoveries in the last century. What advances in medicine and science can you think of that are built on knowing the structure of DNA? 3. Describe why the structure of DNA led Watson and Crick to point out " a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material. '
1. It is a large complex ribonucleoprotein particle that chemically modifies the pre mRNA strand by the removal of introns 2. This is a linkage between paired bases in the secondary DNA structure 3. It refers to the linkage between 2 nucleotides in the DNA molecule 4. Give the range of the number of nucleotides present in a single protein molecule 5. Identify the number of bases included in the nucleosome 6. It is an enzyme that cuts the bacterial plasmid at its cleavage site
3. The data in the following table represent the base composition of two double stranded DNA sources and their RNA products in experiments conducted in vitro. A+T A+U A+G Species G+C G+C C+U Bacillus subtilis 1.36 |1.30 1.02 E. coli 1.00 |0.98 0.80 From the above data, is it possible to determine whether the RNA of these species is copied from a single strand or from both strands of the DNA? How? (HINT: Drawing a diagram may make it easier to solve this problem). Explain how it is possible to tell whether the RNA itselfis single stranded or double stranded.
1. On paper, write out the first 30 bases in the middle of the page in order. You want ensure you get them all in one line, with room to write more information around them. 2. Fill in the complementary base for each of the 30 bases. Label this series of letters “Complementary Bases” on the paper. When you are done, you should have a complete double-helix section of DNA.3. On the opposite side of the original sequence (opposite from where you did the complementary strand), translate the original sequence into mRNA. Label this sequence as mRNA.4. Translate the mRNA strand into amino acids using your codon table. You only need to record the 3-letter code for each amino acid. Label this line as “Amino Acids.” Record this sequence in your lab report (question 8).5. Take a picture of your completed diagram for your lab report. Part 2 – Mutations You will use the same 30-base sequence you started with for this section. 1. Write out the original 30-base DNA sequence on a new paper.2.…
4. Determine the answers of these multiple choices they are organised at "a,b,c's" in which is allowed in your rules, so they can all be answered thank you very much!! A) A DNA nucleotide is composed of: *Nitrogen base *Phosphate - ribose - nitrogen base *Ribose - nitrogen base *Phosphate - deoxyribose - nitrogen base *Deoxyribose - nitrogen base B) An amino acid contains the following two groups: Acid and Thiol -Carboxyle and Amine -Carbonyl and Carboxyl -Thiol and Amine -Amine and Acid C) Which carbohydrate is part of an RNA molecule? -Ribose -Galactose -Fructose -Glucose -Deoxyribose
Working on the Amazon River, a biologist isolated DNA from two unknown organisms, P and Q. He discovered that the adenine content of P was 15% and the cytosine content of Q was 42%. This means that: a. the amount of guanine in P is 15%. b. the amount of guanine and cytosine combined in P is 70%. c. the amount of adenine in Q is 42%. d. the amount of thymine in Q is 21%. e. it takes more energy to unwind the DNA of P than theDNA of Q.
3. What is a correct implication of Chargaff's analysis of base compositions of DNA? Base pairing is random Purines base pair with purines Purines base pair with pyrimidines Pyrimidines base pair with pyrimidines 4. Which DNA bases pair with each other across the DNA double helix? * A:C and G:T OCT and A:G O A:A, T:T, C:C, and G:G A:T and C:G
10.) Draw a double-stranded DNA molecule (using different colors for each) model should clearly represent the sequence: A G T A C C G G G C A A Note: It should include items to represent - sugar molecules - phosphate molecules - 4 distinct nitrogenous base molecules (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine) - two types of bonds between these molecules
6. a.) Which part (sugar, phosphate, or nitrogenous base) of the four types of nucleotides differ? b.) Based on the complementary base pairing rules we know that: A(denosine) pairs with _________ , and that G(uanine) pairs with _________.
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