Determine the gross ATP from B-oxidation cycles, gross ATP from acetyl CoA produced, gross ATP from conversion of propionyl CoA (if applicable), total number of ATP deducted, and total net ATP. Please show all solutions and box the final answers.
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Helping tags: ATP accounting, biology, chemistry, biochemistry
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- Under aerobic conditions of high ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, as pyruvate is utilized for its carbon skeleton, which molecules would you expect to see significant radiolabeling in the liver? Select all that apply. **Please note some molecules contain more details, including not only molecule name, but location of the label. Pick the options that are accurate for the above situation. Glucose C-2 and C-5 Glucose C-1 and C-6 Glucose C-2 only Pyruvate C-1 Lactate C-2 for export CO, from TCA cycle shows some radiolabel Label is halved over many TCA cycles Oxaloacetate MalateIndicate what will happen (increase, decrease or no effect) to the activity of enzyme or rate of the metabolic pathway given the following conditions: 1. release of glucagon in the blood to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase 1 2. phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase 3. low [carbon dioxide]/[oxygen gas] ratio to the oxygenase activity of RuBisCOConsider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing behenic acid residues (22:0). II. What is the net ATP yield for the complete oxidation of all the fatty acid residues of the simple TAG? (Note: glycerol backbone is not included)
- Consider the each of the amino acids in the peptide below. Ala-Ile-Asp-Arg-Gln-Gly-Pro-Gly-Ala-Tyr-Val-Ile-Gln-Leu If all of the amino acids are degraded to yield energy (ATP), explain how many Acetyl CoAs for oxidation to CO2 could be produced from this peptide. note: Do not make glucose at the beginning, however converting the TCA intermediates into molecules in the glycolytic pathway for optimal Acetyl CoA production is allowed. Be sure to show clearly which pathway will the Acetyl CoA enter (to yield ATP ultimately) under such conditionConsider fatty acids from the hydrolysis of the given TAG in a liver cell where amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis is very active For each fatty acid given, determine the following. Gross ATP from b-oxidation cycles Gross ATP from acetyl CoA produced Gross ATP from conversion of propionyl CoA (if applicable) Total number of ATP deducted Total net ATPCalculate the net ATP yield from monounsaturated oleic acid (18:1).Hint: Remember the step that bypasses acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
- True False Glucose oxidase can be used in determining glucose in the blood and urine Regardless of the distance between the enzyme and substrate, they will bind. Lipase is an enzyme primarily produced by the pancreas that breakdown peptide bonds between the oxygen molecules of glycerol and the hydroxyl molecules of fatty acids. Coenzymes are organic substances, while cofactors are inorganic. L-Amino-acid oxidase will catalyze reactions of D (-) - glycine. Redox reaction via oxidoreductase is still possible with one reactant only. The apoenzyme is the protein part of the enzyme, which is enzymatically inactive without cofactors. Lack of enzymes will lead to block in metabolic pathways causing inborn errors of metabolism Ligases are enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of chemical bonds. Ribozymes are catalytically active RNA molecules or RNA-protein complexesSelect all of the following that accurately apply to acyl-CoA synthetase and the transport of acyl-CoA through the carnitine transport system in the liver: 00 ☐☐☐☐ Acyl-CoA is formed when CoA serves as a nucleophile for attack of the fatty acyl-adenylate intermediate Fatty acid carbon skeletons are simultaneously used in the liver for beta oxidation and glucose biosynthesis The carnitine transport system is inhibited in the presence of high amounts of malonyl CoA The carrier protein carnitine replaces CoA in the transport of fatty acyl groups across the inner- mitochondrial membrane and allows acyl-CoA reformation in the matrix Increased need for beta oxidation allows for decreased transport of fatty acids via the carnitine transport system The formation of acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetase involves the use of 2 equivalents of ATP - (1) an ATP used for activation of fatty acyl-adenylate and (2) an equivalent of ATP in the form of pyrophosphate hydrolysisComplete the table below. Consider docosanoic acid (C21H43CO2H) Questions Solutions Answers a. Label the alpha and beta carbons. b. Draw the acetyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?
- Complete the table below. Consider docosanoic acid (C21H43CO2H) Questions Show complete solutions Answers a. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? b. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? c. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?Under aerobic conditions when glucose is limiting, with high ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, as carbon-2 radiolabeled pyruvate is utilized for its carbon skeleton, which molecules would you expect to see significant radiolabeling in the liver? Select all that apply. **Please note some molecules contain more details, including not only molecule name, but location of the label. Pick the options that are accurate for the above situation. Glucose C-2 only Label is halved over many TCA cycles Oxaloacetate Glucose C-1 and C-6 Glucose C-2 and C-5 CO2 from TCA cycle shows some radiolabel Lactate C-2 for export Malate Pyruvate C-1What is(are) the only active site(s) not used in the second round of fatty acid synthase? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices Acetyl-CoA ACP Transacylase Beta-Ketoacyl- ACP Synthase Beta-Ketoacyl- ACP Dehydrase Palmitoyl thioesterase Malonyl-CoA ACP Transacylase Enoyl-ACP Reductase