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Describe the neurotransmitters shown in Section 11.14 in the selected neurotransmitters table. Give examples of how they might occur in the body.

Describe the neurotransmitters shown in Section 11.14 in the selected neurotransmitters table. Give examples of how they might occur in the body.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Describe the neurotransmitters shown in Section 11.14 in the selected neurotransmitters table. Give examples of how they might occur in the body.

Selected Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitter Chemical Structure Mechanism of Action Location Comments Acetylcholine (ACh) CH, Primarily direct, through CNS: Synapses throughout brain CH,-N -CH,-CH,-o-c-CH, binding to chemically CH, and spinal cord PNS: Neuromuscular junctions, neuroglandular junctions, and synapses in autonomic ganglia Widespread in CNS and PNS; best known and most studied of the gated ion channels neurotransmitters он Involved in attention and consciousness, control of body temperature, and regulation of pituitary gland secretion Norepinephrine (NE) Indirect, through G proteins and second CNS: Cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord PNS: Most neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions of sympathetic division of ANS NH,-CH,-CH- он messengers OH он Epinephrine (E) CH,-NH-CH,-CH- Indirect: G proteins and OH second messengers CNS: Thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, and spinal cord Generally excitatory effect along autonomic pathways HO, OH Primarily indirect: G proteins and second messengers Serotonin CNS: Hypothalamus, limbic Important in emotional states, moods, and body temperature; several illicit hallucinogenic drugs, such as Ecstasy, target serotonin receptors NH,-CH,-CH,- system, cerebellum, spinal cord, and retina CNS: Cerebral cortex and Important in memory and learning; most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain Glutamate c-CH-CH,-CH,-C HƠ Indirect: G proteins and second messengers Direct: opens calcium/ sodium ion channels brainstem он NH, Gamma- Direct or indirect CNS: Cerebral cortex, cerebellum, Direct inhibitory effects: opens Cl channels; indirect effects: opens K channels and blocks entry of Ca2+ NH,-CH,-CH,-CH,-c aminobutyric acid (GABA) (G proteins), depending interneurons throughout brain and spinal cord OH on type of receptor
Transcribed Image Text:Selected Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitter Chemical Structure Mechanism of Action Location Comments Acetylcholine (ACh) CH, Primarily direct, through CNS: Synapses throughout brain CH,-N -CH,-CH,-o-c-CH, binding to chemically CH, and spinal cord PNS: Neuromuscular junctions, neuroglandular junctions, and synapses in autonomic ganglia Widespread in CNS and PNS; best known and most studied of the gated ion channels neurotransmitters он Involved in attention and consciousness, control of body temperature, and regulation of pituitary gland secretion Norepinephrine (NE) Indirect, through G proteins and second CNS: Cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord PNS: Most neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions of sympathetic division of ANS NH,-CH,-CH- он messengers OH он Epinephrine (E) CH,-NH-CH,-CH- Indirect: G proteins and OH second messengers CNS: Thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, and spinal cord Generally excitatory effect along autonomic pathways HO, OH Primarily indirect: G proteins and second messengers Serotonin CNS: Hypothalamus, limbic Important in emotional states, moods, and body temperature; several illicit hallucinogenic drugs, such as Ecstasy, target serotonin receptors NH,-CH,-CH,- system, cerebellum, spinal cord, and retina CNS: Cerebral cortex and Important in memory and learning; most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain Glutamate c-CH-CH,-CH,-C HƠ Indirect: G proteins and second messengers Direct: opens calcium/ sodium ion channels brainstem он NH, Gamma- Direct or indirect CNS: Cerebral cortex, cerebellum, Direct inhibitory effects: opens Cl channels; indirect effects: opens K channels and blocks entry of Ca2+ NH,-CH,-CH,-CH,-c aminobutyric acid (GABA) (G proteins), depending interneurons throughout brain and spinal cord OH on type of receptor
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