Answered: compare small molecule…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Question

compare small molecule neurotransmitters to neuropeptides

Select one:

a. neuropeptides are synthesized as large peptide molecules that are cleaved to form smaller peptides; neurotransmitters are modified amino acids

b. neuropeptides bind to metabotropic receptors; neurotransmitters bind to ionotropic or metabotropic receptors

c. neuropeptides are slower to replenish in the axon terminal than neurotransmitters

d. all of these are valid comparisons

e. neuropeptides are released by cells that express the peptide gene; neurotransmitters are released by cells that express the synthetic enzymes required to convert amino acid precursors

Expert Solution

Step 1

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit a message from a nerve cell across the synapse to a target cell. The target can be another nerve cell, or a muscle cell, or a gland cell. Neuropeptides, on the other hand, are small proteins produced by neurons that act on G protein-coupled receptors and are responsible for slow-onset, long-lasting modulation of synaptic transmission.

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