Describe the difference between a completely randomized design, a randomized block design, and a factorial experiment, and describe a situation in which each type of experiment would be utilized.
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A: x1= 56.0 n1= 2051 x2= 84.0 n2= 2030 significance level, 0.01 sample…
Describe the difference between a completely randomized design, a randomized block design, and a factorial experiment, and describe a situation in which each type of experiment would be utilized.
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- High levels of cholesterol in the blood are associated with higher risk of heart attacks. Will using a drug to lower blood cholesterol reduce heart attacks? The Helsinki Heart Study recruited middle-aged men with high cholesterol but no history of other serious medical problems to investigate this question. The volunteer subjects were assigned at random to one of two treatments: 2051 men took the drug gemfibrozil to reduce their cholesterol levels, and a control group of 2030 men took a placebo. During the next five years, 56 men in the gemfibrozil group and 84 men in the placebo group had heart attacks. Is the apparent benefit of gemfibrozil statistically significant? What is the value of the combined proportion (c)? Round to four decimal placesAcne is a common skin disease that affects most adolescents and can continue into adulthood. A study compared the effectiveness of three acne treatments and a placebo, all in gel form, applied twice daily for 12 weeks. The study's 517 teenage volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments. Success was assessed as clear or almost clear skin at the end of the 12 week period. The results of the study can be seen in the table below. Using the appropriate statistical test, determine if there is significant evidence that the four treatments perform differently. If so, how do they compare.A car dealer is interested in comparing the average gas mileages of four different car models. The dealer believes that the average gas mileage of a particular car will vary depending on the person who is driving the car due to different driving styles. Because of this, he decides to use a randomized block design. He randomly selects five drivers and asks them to drive each of the cars. He then determines the average gas mileage for each car and each driver. Can the dealer conclude that there is a significant difference in average gas mileages of the four car models? The results of the study are as follows. Average Gas Mileage Driver Car A Car B Car C Car D Driver 1 3232 2222 3030 3939 Driver 2 2121 3939 3838 3737 Driver 3 2626 3131 3232 3939 Driver 4 3838 4040 2323 3434 Driver 5 3131 2929 2121 2222 Copy Data ANOVA Source of Variation SSSS dfdf MSMS Rows 174.2000174.2000 44 43.550043.5500 Columns 91.600091.6000 33 30.533330.5333 Error 607.4000607.4000 1212…
- A biologist wants to determine if different temperatures (15oC, 25oC, or 35oC) and amounts of sunlight (partial or full) will affect the growth of plants. He will test each combination of temperature and sunlight by randomly assigning 15 plants to each of the combinations. What type of sampling is described in this study? one sample paired data two samples more than two samplesThe Salk vaccine against polio was tested in 1954 in a carefully designed field experiment. Approximately, 400,000 children took part in this experiment. Using a randomization procedure, the children were randomly divided into 2 groups of equal size, a treatment group, and a control group. The vaccine was given only to the children in the treatment group; the control group children received placebo injections. The children did not know which of the two groups they had been placed into. The diagnosticians also lacked this information. 57 children in the treatment group went on to contract polio, while 142 children in the control group contracted the illness. How likely would such a difference in outcomes be when the assignment to the treatment or control group had absolutely no effect on the outcomes?High levels of cholesterol in the blood are associated with higher risk of heart attacks. Will using a drug to lower blood cholesterol reduce heart attacks? The Helsinki Heart Study recruited middle-aged men with high cholesterol but no history of other serious medical problems to investigate this question. The volunteer subjects were assigned at random to one of two treatments: 2051 men took the drug gemfibrozil to reduce their cholesterol levels, and a control group of 2030 men took a placebo. During the next five years, 56 men in the gemfibrozil group and 84 men in the placebo group had heart attacks. Is the apparent benefit of gemfibrozil statistically significant? Using proportion values rounded to four decimal places, what is the z- test statistic? Round your answer to two decimal places.
- A 2016 episode of the NPR program "This American Life" featured a radio show host from Tigerville South Carolina and focused on the divisions among evangelical Christians regarding their support of the then-presidential candidate Donald Trump. We know that these divisions still exist, and suppose you want to survey the people of Tigerville (population: 1.312) to see how many of them support Donald Trump today, and you want to use a simple random sample. (a) An SRS of 150 people is taken and it turns out that 55 support Trump. Estimate the proportion of people in Tigerville that support Trump and give a 95% confidence interval for the true proportion of Trump supporters using your estimate. (b) If 100 simple random samples are taken independently, and 100 such 95% confidence intervals are constructed, what is the probability that all 100 of these intervals will cover the true proportion? Does this number make sense to you? Explain.An adventure company runs two obstacle courses, Fundash and Coolsprint, with similar designs. Since Fundash was built on rougher terrain, the designer of the courses suspects that the mean completion time of Fundash is greater than the mean completion time of Coolsprint. To test this, she selects 205 Fundash runners and 260 Coolsprint runners. (Consider these as independent random samples of the Fundash and Coolspring runners.) The 205 Fundash runners complete the course with a mean time of 77.6 minutes and a standard deviation of 8.2 minutes. The 260 individuals complete Coolsprint with a mean time of 76.0 minutes and a standard deviation of 7.7 minutes. Assume that the population standard deviations of the completion times can be estimated to be the sample standard deviations, since the samples that are used to compute them are quite large. At the 0.05 level of significance, is there enough evidence to support the claim that the mean completion time, u,, of Fundash is greater than…Determine whether the results appear to have statistical significance, and also determine whether the results appear to have practical significance. In a study of a birth sex selection method used to increase the likelihood of a baby being born female, 2031 users of the method gave birth to 995 males and 1036 females. There is about a 19% chance of getting that many babies born female if the method had no effect. Because there is a 19% chance of getting that many babies born female the method had no effect, the method couples would likely use a procedure that raises the likelihood of a baby born female from the approximately 50% rate expected by chance to the % produced by this method. (Round to the nearest integer as needed.) So, this method
- Migraine and Acupuncture: A migraine is a particularly painful type of headache, which patients sometimes wish to treat with acupuncture. To determine whether acupuncture relieves migraine pain, researchers conducted a randomized controlled study where patients diagnosed with migraine headaches were randomly assigned to one of two groups: treatment or control.Patients in the treatment group received acupuncture that is specifically designed to treat migraines and patients in the control group received placebo acupuncture (needle insertion at non-acupoint locations). 24 hours after patients received acupuncture, they were asked if they were pain free. Results are summarized in the contingency table below. Test to see if migraine pain relief is dependent on receiving acupuncture. Test at the 8% level and round expected values to one decimal place. Pain Relief Yes (Observed) Yes (Expected Value) No (Observed) No (Expected Value) Row Total No Relief 29 29 58 Control 91 103…A car dealer is interested in comparing the average gas mileages of four different car models. The dealer believes that the average gas mileage of a particular car will vary depending on the person who is driving the car due to different driving styles. Because of this, he decides to use a randomized block design. He randomly selects five drivers and asks them to drive each of the cars. He then determines the average gas mileage for each car and each driver. Can the dealer conclude that there is a significant difference in average gas mileages of the four car models? The results of the study are as follows. Average Gas Mileage Driver Car A Car B Car C Car D Driver 1 3636 3636 3535 2929 Driver 2 2525 3737 3737 3838 Driver 3 2323 3939 2525 3636 Driver 4 2121 3838 3939 2727 Driver 5 2424 3434 3636 3030 Copy Data ANOVA Source of Variation SSSS dfdf MSMS Rows 47.500047.5000 44 11.875011.8750 Columns 334.9500334.9500 33 111.6500111.6500 Error 315.3000315.3000…