The Salk vaccine against polio was tested in 1954 in a carefully designed field experiment. Approximately, 400,000 children took part in this experiment. Using a randomization procedure, the children were randomly divided into 2 groups of equal size, a treatment group, and a control group. The vaccine was given only to the children in the treatment group; the control group children received placebo injections. The children did not know which of the two groups they had been placed into. The diagnosticians also lacked this information. 57 children in the treatment group went on to contract polio, while 142 children in the control group contracted the illness. How likely would such a difference in outcomes be when the assignment to the treatment or control group had absolutely no effect on the outcomes?
The Salk vaccine against polio was tested in 1954 in a carefully designed field experiment. Approximately, 400,000 children took part in this experiment. Using a randomization procedure, the children were randomly divided into 2 groups of equal size, a treatment group, and a control group. The vaccine was given only to the children in the treatment group; the control group children received placebo injections. The children did not know which of the two groups they had been placed into. The diagnosticians also lacked this information. 57 children in the treatment group went on to contract polio, while 142 children in the control group contracted the illness. How likely would such a difference in outcomes be when the assignment to the treatment or control group had absolutely no effect on the outcomes?
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