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Biology

Describe the basic structure of a DNA? Give the different components of DNA and their function in the DNA strand.

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter14: Dna Structure And Function

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 25CTQ: Describe the structure and complementary base pairing of DNA.

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(Optional) Describe the structure of DNA, discussing the DNA helix and the base pairs of DNA, the overall structure of a chromosome, the structure of a gene, an mRNA, a ribosome, and a protein. What are the relative sizes of each of these?
1. Nucleotides make up DNA. List the three parts of a nucleotide. The three parts of a nucleotide are Which part/s of the nucleotide make up the sugar-phosphate backbone (blue ribbon) of the double helix? Which part/s of the nucleotide make up the “steps” of the double helix. The following sequence is one strand of DNA. From what you know about DNA structure, what has to be the sequence of the opposite strand? 5’ – ATCCTAGGTACCATGAG – 3’ 2. Compare and contrast the structure of DNA and RNA.
a.Write out the complementary strand to the following sequence. Begin with the 5' of the end of the complementary strand. 3 ' AGCAGTGACA5' b. Which of the following statements about DNA structure is correct? *The phosphodiester backbone of DNA is composed of covalent bonds between nudeotides * Two DNA strands in a double helix have their 5ends next to each other * Hydrogen bonds connect phosphate and hydroxyl groups on neighbouring nucleotides * The 5hydroxyl group on one nucleotide is linked to the 3 phosphate on its neighbor * In a double helix, purines pair with purines, and pyrimidines with pyrimidines C). Topoisomerases are enzymes that : * Create nucleosomes *Break phosphodiester bonds between DNA nucleotides * Synthesize a new strand of DNA from a single-stranded DNA template *Break hydrogen bonds between DNA nucleotides *Remove proteins from DNA
1. Given is a strand of DNA, fill in the corresponding RNA strand and find which amino acids that strand codes for.
H 1. What type of DNA form (A-form, b-form, Z-form) is represented by the cyan strand in the image? 2. What are the bases that are part of the magenta strand in green plane? (A,T,G,C,U)?
1. Write the complementary base sequence for the matching strand in the following DNA section: -A-G-T-C-C-A-A-T-C–
Show the structure of a DNA where the lead strand is ATCG. Show H-, glycosidic, phosphoester bondings.4. Differentiate replication, transcription and translation by describing the changes which occur in each process.
DNA Replication: 1. Write in the new (complimentary) strands for each of the two halves of the DNA molecule below to show what the two semi-conserved strands would look like. A G T A C C G G G C A A A C T G C A T T G T G I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I T C A T G G C C C G T T T G A C G T A A C A C old strand A G T A C C G G G C A A A C T G C A T T G T G new strand: new strand: old strand T C A T G G C C C G T T T G A C G T A A C A C Gene Expression: 2. Use your DNA strand to construct a part of a messenger RNA molecule. DNA A G T A C C G G G C A A A C T G C A T T G T G mRNA:
A. Draw a detailed structure of DNA strand using the following sequence of bases 5'A -C- G 3' Show the structure of the phosphate group, pentose sugar and nitrogen containing base B. Why is DNA called the blueprint of an organism?
Mention and explain 4 characteristics of the Structure of DNA.
a. Write the structural formula of GAC, a portion of DNA. Write the complementary strand adjacent to it so that the complementary bases are side by side. Connect the appropriate base pairs. b. Sticking to the convention of writing the nucleotide sequence in the 5'-3' direction, what is the nucleotide sequence of the DNA strand complementary to ATGCACCATGCT?
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