Describe how positive and negative selection leadsto a population of T cells that react to MHC molecules inassociation with nonself antigens, but not self antigens, andwhat happens when tolerance to self antigens is lost.

Q: Describe three ways in which B cells and T cells are similar and at least fi ve major ways in which…

A: The immune system of the body protects the individual from the attack of external pathogens. The…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a component of the adaptive (specific) immune system?   cytotoxic T…

A: The body's capacity to protect itself from infections and illnesses is known as immunity. It…

Q: All of the following are necessary for a specific immune response except: O a. red blood cells O b.…

A: Immune response is the manner in which the body protects itself against substances it considers…

Q: Explain the negative and positive selection in t cell maturation. What does the cell learn in the…

A: Negative and positive selection are two critical processes that occur during T cell maturation in…

Q: Which of the following are specific immune responses (select all that apply)? o T lymphocyte…

A: Immunity is defined as the intrinsic ability of the body to fight against infections and diseases.…

Q: Arrange the following events during the development of adaptive immune response in the order they…

A: Adaptive immune response It is also referred as the acquired immune response. It constitutes…

Q: The development of primary and secondary immune responses to an antigen differ significantly. The…

A: The body's defence against infection is provided by the immune system, an intricate system of…

Q: A major outcome in response to the is the production of O complement cascade activation; a MAC in…

A: It is a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate whatever is…

Q: The complement system can be directly activated by: macromolecules present on bacterial cells…

A: Introduction  The complement system, also referred to as the complement cascade, is a component of…

Q: Generally, polysaccha are not good antigenS, because B cells recognize thei annot get T-cell help.…

A: INTRODUCTION The immune system consists of cells that protect organisms from foreign invaders. This…

Q: A nurse caring for adults in a physician’s office notes thatsome patients age more rapidly that…

A: Theories of aging are the attempt to explain the phenomenon of aging. Aging is the process that…

Q: All of the following general properties describe the adaptive immune response except?

A: When a pathogen invades the body lymphocytes are capable of producing antibodies. These antibodies…

Q: The difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity is that     adaptive immunity attacks…

A: Immunity  Immunity is the defence mechanism of organisms body system. It protect the body from…

Q: Describe how antigen-presenting cells stimulate an increasein the number of helper T cells. Why is…

A: Helper T cell, also called CD4+ cell, T helper cell, or helper T lymphocyte, type of white blood…

Q: The figure below shows the primary and secondary immune responses to an antigen. Which of the…

A: Immune system is a defensive system that works as a shield and form immunity for body and protect…

Q: At first glance, it would seem a dangerous strategyfor the thymus to actively promote the survival,…

A: Major histocompatibility complicated (MHC), cluster of genes that code for proteins found on the…

Q: For the diagram below, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: Antigen- binding site V V…

A: Immunoglobulins (or antibodies) are produced by the immune system to fight pathogens like bacteria…

Q: Which event happens last in a humoral immune response? 1) CD4 T cell activation 2) presentation of…

A: The correct option is (d) the production of antibodies.

Q: Compare and contrast tissues, cells, molecules and secretions of the Innate Defenses with those…

A: 1.Natural or innate immunity  It is a non specific and is considered as the first line of defence…

Q: High numbers of “good” bacteria are foundin the intestine and on the skin. The immune system needs…

A: All cells have distinguishing markers on their surfaces. A portion of the markers is made of…

Q: Someone bitten by a poisonous snake should be given someantivenom (antibodies) to prevent death. If…

A: A different form of immunity, referred to as passive immunity, results once an individual is given…

Q: Cells contain built-in suicide genes to self-destruct by apoptosisunder certain conditions. Can you…

A: Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death in which self-destructive genes are activated in…

Q: Upon my discovery, I was initially thought to be a nerve cell because of my "tree-like" shape. I am…

A: The cells of the immune system are responsible for protecting the body from the foreign…

Q: Explain why the tissues of some people are antigenic to others, andwhy this would not be a problem…

A: Blood type refers to the classification of blood based on the presence and absence of certain…

Q: hy is the destruction of helper T cells caused by HIV infection so crippling to adaptive immunity?

A: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. If HIV is not…

Q: A hypothetical disorder prevents memory cells from forming. What effect would this have on the…

A: Memory cells are produced when B cells encounter antigens and effector cells called plasma cells…

Q: Which of the following is true about the innate immune system? Check all that apply Phagocytosis…

A: Immunity is defined as all of the physiological mechanisms that allow a person's body to recognise…

Q: Which of the following steps are part of the processing of antigen by immune cells? Select all that…

A: Antigen processing It is also called the cytosolic pathway. It i.s an immunological process which…

Q: Approximately 70% of immune system cells are located inthe wall of the lower digestive tract…

A: The gastrointestinal tract also referred as the gut, functions to aid the process of digestion in…

Q: Why is the adaptive immune response to an initial infection slower thanthe innate response?

A: Natural immunity is called innate immunity that is present in all animals. It is the primary defense…

Q: Which of the following statements is true of acquired immunity? It does not involve experience and…

A: The immune system produces an immune response which is a reaction occurring within an organism to…

Q: The development of primary and secondary immune responses to an antigen differs significantly. The…

A: The idea to maintain the clones of memory cells regardless of prior exposure is no doubt  good but…

Q: Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the effect of high doses of corticosteroids,…

A: Immune system is a system of specialized cells and organs that protects the body from foreign…

Q: Briefly describe the role of each in our innate defense system.

A: Innate defence system will help to increase the immunity power of the human being and to resist…

Q: Which of the following apply to a secondary O A small number of antigen-specific lymphocytes O A…

A: Immune responses to antigens or pathogenic agents may be categorised as primary or secondary immune…

Q: Contrast cell – mediated immunity with antibody – mediated immunity. Make sure to note: which cells…

A: Immunity is defined as the power of an organism to protect itself from a foreign pathogen or an…

Q: Which of the following best describes the function of IgA antibodies? O Allergy response O Defense…

A: IgA antibodies play a crucial role in the defense against pathogens at mucosal surfaces, such as…

Q: Which of the following are true of interferons? Select all that apply. O They are a critical part of…

A: In the inflammatory response to infections, interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by a number of…

Q: A piece of foreign protein, after digestion, that triggers an immune response is called..? (best…

A: An immune response can be defined as the pathway through which the defensive role of the body comes…

Q: True or False Can cytotoxic T cells have the ability to identify class 1 MHCs or do they recognize…

A: White blood cells or WBCs are the parts of immune system that protect the body against foreign…

Q: What are lymphocyte clones? What is the differencebetween positive and negative lymphocyte…

A: The term ‘Immunity’ defines the capability of multicellular organisms that help them to resist…

Q: Antibodies are able to dispose of antigens in which of the following ways? O Neutralization…

A: Antibodies or Immunoglobulins are substances produced by the immune system, in response to a foreign…

Q: What type of cells involved in the adaptive immunity response mature in the bone marrow and produce…

A: The immune system protects the body against infection. Cells involved in immune functions are known…

Q: If a researcher moves the promoter for the lac operon to the region between the beta galactosidase…

A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.