Describe and connect five different outcomes that could occur due to the loss of FMRP function in the cell in the figure provided. This diagram illustrates the signaling pathways in a "Wild type" cellular model. The key components and processes involved are as follows:1. **mGluR5**: This is a receptor embedded in the cell membrane that initiates the signaling pathway.2. **Signaling**: The pathway is suggested by arrows leading from mGluR5. The process appears to be involved in activating target proteins.3. **Endocytosis**: This process involves the internalization of another receptor, AMPAR, into the cell, as indicated by the arrow pointing into the cell.4. **AMPAR**: Another receptor affected by the pathway, shown to be undergoing endocytosis.5. **Translation machinery**: The increase in protein translation is depicted, suggesting enhanced synthesis of proteins from mRNA.6. **Target mRNAs**: mRNA molecules are specifically indicated, which translate into proteins essential for cellular functions. The translation process is regulated by FMRP.7. **FMRP**: A regulator protein that modulates the translation of target mRNAs.8. **Synaptic plasticity**: The overall pathway leads to changes in synaptic plasticity, enhancing or modifying the synaptic connections.The flow between components indicates a series of biochemical interactions leading to synaptic plasticity, an essential process for learning and memory in neurons. The involvement of mGluR5 and AMPAR suggests a complex regulatory mechanism of neuronal communication and plasticity.

The FMRP protein is made using instructions from the FMR1 gene. The brain, testes, and ovaries are…

Answered: Describe and connect five different…

Describe and connect five different outcomes that could occur due to the loss of FMRP function in the cell in the figure provided.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Compare and contrast GPCRs with RTK. Please keep brief - 10 sentences/dot points max.
Explain the steps involved in CPT coding
Ras is a proto-oncogene that is within the EGF pathway. The EGF receptor can activate the cell division pathway only when the EGF ligand binds to the receptor. A gain of function mutation occurs in only one copy of the Ras gene. What are all the possible consequences of this? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices The cell will undergo constant cell division The cell will still be normal as only one copy of Ras is mutated. Both copies must be mutated for the cell to undergo constant cell division There will be an increase of EGF ligands present in the cell The EGF receptor will always be active even with no EGF ligands bound and activate the pathway Ras will always be active and activate the proteins downstream that will turn on cell division Ras will be under the influence of the EGF receptor and will only activate if the EGF ligand is bound to the receptor
Which of the following is true when considering the calcineuron-NFAT pathway? Choose all that are true. Calcineuron removes Pi from NFATC in the presence of Ca2+. Trisomy 21 alters the dosage of DYRK1A and calcineuron. The addition of Pi to NFATc results in an increase in gene expression. The removal of Pi from NFATC is inhibited by DSCR1.
Could you please describe the general appearance, distribution, and abundance of stem cells in an adult mammal? Thank you
SCENARIO: MM, a 54-year old female presents to the Family Medicine Clinic due to a 2-week history of increasing shortness of breath and cough and mild/moderate pain in left side. She was diagnosed with infiltrating intraductal adenocarcinoma of the left breast 5 years ago; at that time, ER(-)/ PR(-); her-2/neu(+); p53(+); staged as having T3N1M0, stage IIIA, high-risk breast cancer. She underwent a modified radical mastectomy with axillary node dissection followed by 6 cycles of CMF chemotherapy. Her mother and sister also had a history of breast cancer. Past Medical History Gravida 4, para 4; menses onset age 13; HTN x 10 years; Type 2 DM x 8 years; breast CA described above; remained disease free until present follow up. Past Surgical History: Left modified radical mastectomy 5 years ago; cholecystectomy 14 years ago. Medications: Glyburide, 5mg PO BID Verapamil SR, 240mg PO daily Furosemide, 40mg PO daily Allergies: NKDA Physical Examination: GEN: Well-developed, obese…
What are gratuitous inducers ? Explain importance of gratuitous inducers ?
Can I get help on drawing a mechanism for the paragraph below? p53 stabilization by IR The signal upstream of p53 stabilization and activation after IR exposure most likely originate from DNA DSBs. This is supported by the fact that the kinases implicated in the phosphorylation of p53 are also implicated in DSB repair. These include two kinases that belong to the PI-3 kinase family, DNA-PK and ATM (see above), and indirectly, the checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2). Ser15 of p53 was identified as a substrate for DNA-PK in vitro (Lees-Miller et al., 1992). Since DNA-PK is required for DSB repair in mammalian cells after IR exposure and since this residue falls within the MDM2-binding domain of the protein, this was an attractive model of p53 stabilization after IR. However, several recent reports have shown that Ser15 of p53 is phosphorylated in cells deficient in DNA-PK and that p53 accumulation in these cells is capable of generating cell cycle arrest or apoptosis after IR (Abraham et al.,…
SCENARIO: MM, a 54-year old female presents to the Family Medicine Clinic due to a 2-week history of increasing shortness of breath and cough and mild/moderate pain in left side. She was diagnosed with infiltrating intraductal adenocarcinoma of the left breast 5 years ago; at that time, ER(-)/ PR(-); her-2/neu(+); p53(+); staged as having T3N1M0, stage IIIA, high-risk breast cancer. She underwent a modified radical mastectomy with axillary node dissection followed by 6 cycles of CMF chemotherapy. Her mother and sister also had a history of breast cancer. Past Medical History Gravida 4, para 4; menses onset age 13; HTN x 10 years; Type 2 DM x 8 years; breast CA described above; remained disease free until present follow up. Past Surgical History: Left modified radical mastectomy 5 years ago; cholecystectomy 14 years ago. Medications: Glyburide, 5mg PO BID Verapamil SR, 240mg PO daily Furosemide, 40mg PO daily Allergies: NKDA Physical Examination: GEN: Well-developed, obese…
) Demonstrate the steps involved in transcription of fibroblast cells.
SCENARIO: MM, a 54-year old female presents to the Family Medicine Clinic due to a 2-week history of increasing shortness of breath and cough and mild/moderate pain in left side. She was diagnosed with infiltrating intraductal adenocarcinoma of the left breast 5 years ago; at that time, ER(-)/ PR(-); her-2/neu(+); p53(+); staged as having T3N1M0, stage IIIA, high-risk breast cancer. She underwent a modified radical mastectomy with axillary node dissection followed by 6 cycles of CMF chemotherapy. Her mother and sister also had a history of breast cancer. Past Medical History Gravida 4, para 4; menses onset age 13; HTN x 10 years; Type 2 DM x 8 years; breast CA described above; remained disease free until present follow up. Past Surgical History: Left modified radical mastectomy 5 years ago; cholecystectomy 14 years ago. Medications: Glyburide, 5mg PO BID Verapamil SR, 240mg PO daily Furosemide, 40mg PO daily Allergies: NKDA Physical Examination: GEN: Well-developed, obese…
What is a second messenger? What are two second messengers that are involved in signaling pathways downstream of GPCRs and explain how they are produced? long answer: If you wanted to compare a cardiac muscle cell with a skeletal muscle, how could you use RNA sequencing to identify genes that are differentially expressed? In your answer, explain this technique and describe what type of information you can learn from it. If RNA sequencing led to the identification of two genes, gene X and gene Y, what are two experiments you could do to study the functions of these two genes?