Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
Pls answer d-f
![Determine the structural relationship between the compounds in each of the pairs that follow. They may be unrelated, identical (the same compound), constitutional isomers, diastereomers, or enantiomers.
- Identify the optically active (chiral) compounds and any _meso_ compounds.
- Assign a configuration (R or S) to all stereocenters.
- Name all compounds so that the name reflects the structure unambiguously.
### a)
1. Left compound:
- Structure: CHO, NH2, HO, CH2OH
- Groups: Aldehyde, amine, hydroxyl, and primary alcohol groups
2. Right compound:
- Structure: CH2OH, OH, H, NH2, CHO
- Groups: Primary alcohol, hydroxyl, hydrogen, amine, and aldehyde groups.
### b)
1. Left compound:
- Cyclohexane with wedge and dash substituents: H (wedge) and CH3 (dash)
2. Right compound:
- Cyclohexane with wedge and dash substituents: CH3 (wedge) and H (dash)
### c)
1. Left compound:
- Central carbon with four groups: H, CH3, Cl, Ph (phenyl)
- Stereochemistry indicated by solid wedges (towards viewer) and dashed lines (away from viewer)
2. Right compound:
- Central carbon similar to left, arranged differently: Ph, CH3, Cl, H
- Stereochemistry indicated by solid wedges (towards viewer) and dashed lines (away from viewer)
### d)
1. Left compound:
- Cyclic structure with Cl (wedge) and H (dash), carbonyl (C=O) present.
2. Right compound:
- Cyclic structure with H (wedge) and Cl (dash), carbonyl (C=O) present.
### e)
1. Left compound:
- Six-membered ring, carbonyl group, methyl branch (CH3)
2. Right compound:
- Five-membered ring with two methoxy groups (O–CH3)
### f)
1. Left compound:
- Five-membered ring with methoxy group (CH3), hydroxyl (OH), and methylene group (CH2)
2. Right compound:
- Five-membered ring with methoxy group (](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F00b7fe15-e123-4490-8b8e-4d3bf4f669e4%2Ff477fef8-2aa2-4bdc-9c0c-531c28c5e574%2F6zbzyv9_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![](/static/compass_v2/shared-icons/check-mark.png)
Given are organic compounds.
Isomers are compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.
Step by step
Solved in 4 steps with 1 images
![Blurred answer](/static/compass_v2/solution-images/blurred-answer.jpg)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259911156/9781259911156_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Principles of Instrumental Analysis](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577213/9781305577213_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259911156/9781259911156_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Principles of Instrumental Analysis](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577213/9781305577213_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Organic Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780078021558/9780078021558_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry: Principles and Reactions](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305079373/9781305079373_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781118431221/9781118431221_smallCoverImage.gif)