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Consider the given bacterial growth curve (X axis is time, Y axis is log number of viable cells). At which time point would you expect the greatest sensitivity (ability to be killed) by a drug like penicillin? 8 O 100 20NO 20 time (minutes) 100 minutes O 45 minutes O 15 minutes O 140 minutes Log a of viable cells

Consider the given bacterial growth curve (X axis is time, Y axis is log number of viable cells). At which time point would you expect the greatest sensitivity (ability to be killed) by a drug like penicillin? 8 O 100 20NO 20 time (minutes) 100 minutes O 45 minutes O 15 minutes O 140 minutes Log a of viable cells

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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**Understanding Bacterial Growth Phases** *Consider the given bacterial growth curve (X axis is time, Y axis is log number of viable cells). At which time point would you expect the greatest sensitivity (ability to be killed) by a drug like penicillin?* **Time Points to Consider:** - ⭕ 100 minutes - ⭕ 45 minutes - ⭕ 15 minutes - ⭕ 140 minutes --- **Graph Explanation:** In the provided image, there is a graph plotting the bacterial growth curve, where: - The **X-axis** represents time in minutes. - The **Y-axis** represents the log number of viable cells. The graph is divided into several phases: 1. **Lag Phase (0 to ~20 minutes)**: - Represented by point **A** on the graph. - During this phase, bacteria adapt to the new environment and prepare for binary fission. The number of viable cells is relatively constant. 2. **Log Phase (20 to ~80 minutes)**: - Represented by the segment from point **A** through **B**. - This phase shows exponential growth. Bacteria divide at a constant and rapid rate, which can be observed by the steep upward curve. - This is the phase where bacteria are generally most sensitive to antibiotics like penicillin. 3. **Stationary Phase (~80 to 120 minutes)**: - Represented by point **C**. - In this phase, the growth rate slows down and stabilizes as the rate of cell division equals the rate of cell death. Environmental factors such as nutrient depletion and waste accumulation contribute to this plateau. 4. **Death Phase (after 120 minutes)**: - Represented by point **D**. - This phase follows the stationary phase, where the number of viable cells begins to decline due to factors like nutrient exhaustion and toxic waste build-up. To answer the question, **the greatest sensitivity to a drug like penicillin is expected during the Log Phase** (around 45 minutes), where bacterial cells are actively dividing and are most vulnerable to the effects of antibiotics. --- *Educational Note*: This example demonstrates the importance of understanding different growth phases of bacteria to effectively apply antimicrobial treatments.
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Bacterial Growth Phases** *Consider the given bacterial growth curve (X axis is time, Y axis is log number of viable cells). At which time point would you expect the greatest sensitivity (ability to be killed) by a drug like penicillin?* **Time Points to Consider:** - ⭕ 100 minutes - ⭕ 45 minutes - ⭕ 15 minutes - ⭕ 140 minutes --- **Graph Explanation:** In the provided image, there is a graph plotting the bacterial growth curve, where: - The **X-axis** represents time in minutes. - The **Y-axis** represents the log number of viable cells. The graph is divided into several phases: 1. **Lag Phase (0 to ~20 minutes)**: - Represented by point **A** on the graph. - During this phase, bacteria adapt to the new environment and prepare for binary fission. The number of viable cells is relatively constant. 2. **Log Phase (20 to ~80 minutes)**: - Represented by the segment from point **A** through **B**. - This phase shows exponential growth. Bacteria divide at a constant and rapid rate, which can be observed by the steep upward curve. - This is the phase where bacteria are generally most sensitive to antibiotics like penicillin. 3. **Stationary Phase (~80 to 120 minutes)**: - Represented by point **C**. - In this phase, the growth rate slows down and stabilizes as the rate of cell division equals the rate of cell death. Environmental factors such as nutrient depletion and waste accumulation contribute to this plateau. 4. **Death Phase (after 120 minutes)**: - Represented by point **D**. - This phase follows the stationary phase, where the number of viable cells begins to decline due to factors like nutrient exhaustion and toxic waste build-up. To answer the question, **the greatest sensitivity to a drug like penicillin is expected during the Log Phase** (around 45 minutes), where bacterial cells are actively dividing and are most vulnerable to the effects of antibiotics. --- *Educational Note*: This example demonstrates the importance of understanding different growth phases of bacteria to effectively apply antimicrobial treatments.
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