What results on a microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility test would indicate an antibiotic would be an effective treatment for an infection? O a. Growth next to the antibiotic O b. O C. High optical density in the well with inoculum and antibiotic Low optical density in the well with inoculum and antibiotic O d. No growth next to the antibiotic disk
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- 10. Which one of the following methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing combines some of the properties of two other methods and involves adding a plastic strip to the agar? a. Gradient diffusion method b. Agar macrodilution method c. Disk diffusion method d. Broth microdilution method 11. Most ATP molecules are produced during which phase of aerobia respiration? a. Fermentation b. Krebs cycle c. Glycolysis d. Electron transport chain 12. The goal of disinfection is to eliminate ____ whereas the goal of sterile technique is to exclude ____ a. bacteria , bacteria and viruses b. pathogens, all microorganisms c. nonpathogenspathogens d. all microorganisms, pathogens 13. Which one of the following statements about archaea is false? Select one: a. The cell walls of archaea contain a thicker layer of peptidoglycan than the cell walls of bacteria. b. Some archaea live in extremely hot environments. c. Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to bacteria. d.…Which one of the following methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing requires a dilution series of the antibiotic and can provide a minimum inhibitory concentration? Select one: a. Disk diffusion method b. Broth microdilution method c. Agar macrodilution method d. Gradient diffusion method3- Visible Growth in Tubes Growth in Petri Dishes 0 µg/ml 2 µg/ml 0 1 3 4 ÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖ 2 5 6 7 number 1, and After addition of The figure given above summarizes an experiment carried out to test the efficacy of an antimicrobial substance. In the tube number 0, no antimicrobial substance was added into bacterial culture. 2 µg/ml of antimicrobial substance was added into tube the amount of antimicrobial was doubled for each consecutive tube. antimicrobial into tubes, tubes were incubated for overnight and after incubation tubes were observed for growth. The growth status of bacteria in each tube was shown as (+) and (-). In addition to observation of visible growth, 1 ml of sample from each tube was collected and plated into petri dishes and incubated for additional overnight. Similarly, the growth status in petri dishes was as (+) and (-). According to given information; a. Determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). b. Determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). c.…
- 1. a. Disk A b. Disk B c. Disk C d. Disk D 2. a. Strip A with MIC at 0.25 μg/mL b. Strip B with MIC at 0.064 μg/mL c. Strip C with MIC at 0.075 μg/mL d. All of the strips show equal antimicrobial efficacydiameter AM=47MM TE= 27 MM both left hand side is ampicillin and right hand side is tetracycline With reference to the table below, determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of different antibiotics against coli and S.aureus. S.aureus Antimicrobial agent Interpretive categories and zone diameter breakpoints, nearest whole mm sensitive Intermediate resistant Tetracycline >19 15-18 <1412/ Which of the following factors increases biofilm accumulation? (select all that apply) V A. malocclusion V B. smooth surfaces V C. calculus V D. restorations E. use of fluoridated 9/ During biofilm formation, microcolonies form in layers as the bacterial colonies multiply. With increased size, colonies meet and coalesce to form a complex microbial community. © A Both statements are true. A © B Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. D. The first statement is false, and the second statement is true. Question 11 Which of the following is found in a disease periodontal pocket? © A Gram positive cocci and lactobacillus species. O B. Primarily jam negative motile rods and spirochetes • C. Gram positive aerobes © D. Keystone pathogens.
- Table C. Xanthoproteic Reaction Samples |1. Tryptophan 2. Tyrosine 3. Casein 4. Albumin 5. Peptone 6. distilled water ObservationThe following methods used for sterilizing an antibiotic solution. i. Dry heat sterilization ii. Microfiltration iii. Autoclaving iv. Desiccation Select one: O a. i and ii O b. i and iii O c. ii and iv O d. ii onlyc. Group B Streptococci d. Enterococci 15. The indole test is done to see if a microorganism can hydrolyze a. Urea b. Tryptophan c. Starch d. Lipids 16. You inoculate an unknown Streptococcal species into 6.5% sodium chloride media and it grows! This means you must have viinabi of be ei test eer a. Group A Streptococci b. Group E Streptococci c. Group D Streptococci d. Group C Streptococci 7. Which of the following is NOT an IVMIC test? a. Indole b. VP C. Urease d. Citrate nilugsco catelugsoo abios on T930X3 priwollot Organisms that are positive for H2S production will a. Change the media red 3 notel nisto19 to lls elasi last 12 260 noiloubong 2st alaylo byl nerigalay
- Which ONE of the following best describes nitrofurantoin? Select one: A. A macrolide antimicrobial agent B. An antimicrobial prodrug C. A natural product produced by Streptomyces spp. D. Useful in treating systemic infections E. A nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Which ONE of the following best describes cephalexin? Select one: A. The bacterial target is located on the internal side of the cytoplasmic membrane B. An agent suitable for community use C. Resistance readily occurs via drug efflux in Gram-positive bacteria D. A parenteral penicillin E. An agent capable of disrupting bacterial membranes Which ONE of the following best describes ciprofloxacin? Select one: A. Active against Streptococcus pneumoniae B. An inhibitor of RNA synthesis C. An antimicrobial prodrug D. A natural product produced by Streptomyces spp. E. Subject to new restrictions and precautions for use due to very rare reports of…1. Write briefly about Metabolism of drugs ( just 5 lines ) 2. Write briefly about Polyethylene glycol ( just 3 lines ) 3. The levigating agent , explain about its role in Suppositories manufacturing 4. Write in details about types of gel 5. Write in details about fusion method in ointment preparationWrite the letter of your choice at the start of the sentence then support it with a short explanation. Plaque assay and Kirby Bauer assay are similar in terms of A. they both use a bacterial lawn B. zone of inhibition is measured C. antibiotics are used D. agar overlay is added on solidified agar