Comtech Corporations is a small but growing manufacturer of telecommunications equipment. The company has no sales force of its own; rather, it relies completely on independent sales agents to market its products. These agents are paid a sales commission of 15% for all items sold. Belinda Carter, Comtech’s controller, has just prepared the company’s budgeted income statement for
Master Budget
A master budget can be defined as an estimation of the revenue earned or expenses incurred over a specified period of time in the future and it is generally prepared on a periodic basis which can be either monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, or annually. It helps a business, an organization, or even an individual to manage the money effectively. A budget also helps in monitoring the performance of the people in the organization and helps in better decision-making.
Sales Budget and Selling
A budget is a financial plan designed by an undertaking for a definite period in future which acts as a major contributor towards enhancing the financial success of the business undertaking. The budget generally takes into account both current and future income and expenses.
Comtech Corporations is a small but growing manufacturer of telecommunications equipment. The company has no sales force of its own; rather, it relies completely on independent sales agents to market its products. These agents are paid a sales commission of 15% for all items sold.
Belinda Carter, Comtech’s controller, has just prepared the company’s
Comtech Corporations Budgeted Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31
Sales $16,000,000
Manufacturing expenses: Variable $7,200,000 Fixed
Gross margin 6,460,000
Selling and administrative expenses: Commissions to agents 2,400,000
Fixed marketing expenses 120,000*
Fixed administrative expenses 1,800,000 4,320,000
Net operating income 2,140,000
Fixed interest expenses 540,000
Income before income taxes 1,600,000
Income taxes (30%) 480,000
Net income $ 1,120,000
*Primarily depreciation on storage facilities.
As Belinda handed the statement to Karl Vecci, Pittman’s president, she commented, “I went ahead and used the agents’ 15% commission rate in completing these statements, but we’ve just learned that they refuse to handle our products next year unless we increase the commission rate to 20%.”
“That’s the last straw,” Karl replied angrily. “Those agents have been demanding more and more, and this time they’ve gone too far. How can they possibly defend a 20% commission rate?”
“They claim that after paying for advertising, travel, and the other costs of promotion, there’s nothing left over for profit,” replied Belinda.
“I say it’s just plain robbery,” retorted Karl. “And I also say it’s time we dumped those guys and got our own sales force. Can you get your people to work up some cost figures for us to look at?”
“We’ve already worked them up,” said Belinda. “Several companies we know about pay a 7.5% commission to their own salespeople, along with a small salary. Of course, we would have to handle all promotion costs, too. We figure our fixed expenses would increase by $2,400,000 per year, but that would be more than offset by the $3,200,000 (20% × $16,000,000) that we would avoid on agents’ commissions.”
The breakdown of the $2,400,000 cost follows:
Salaries: Sales manager $100,000
Salespersons 600,000
Travel and entertainment 400,000
Advertising 1,300,000
Total $2,400,000
“Super,” replied Karl. “And I noticed that the $2,400,000 equals what we’re paying the agents under the old 15% commission rate.”
“It’s even better than that,” explained Belinda. “We can actually save $75,000 a year because that’s what we’re paying our auditors to check out the agents’ reports. So our overall administrative expenses would be less.”
“Pull all of these numbers together and we’ll show them to the executive committee tomorrow,” said Karl. “With the approval of the committee, we can move on the matter immediately.”
Required:
a) Calculate Comtech’s break-even point in dollar sales for next year assuming:
1. The agents’ commission rate remains unchanged at 15%.
2. The agents’ commission rate is increased to 20%.
3. The company employs its own sales force. 2
b) Assume that Comtech decides to continue selling through agents and pays the 20% commission rate. Determine the dollar sales that would be required to generate the same net income as contained in the budgeted income statement for next year.
c) Determine the dollar sales at which net income would be equal regardless of whether Comtech sells through agents (at a 20% commission rate) or employs its own sales force.
d) Calculate the degree of operating leverage that the company would expect to have at the end of next year assuming:
1. The agents’ commission rate remains unchanged at 15%.
2. The agents’ commission rate is increased to 20%.
3. The company employs its own sales force.
e) Use income before income taxes in your operating leverage calculation. Based on the data in (1) through (4) above, make a recommendation as to whether the company should continue to use sales agents (at a 20% commission rate) or employ its own sales force. Give many reasons for your answer
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