Complete a concept map (or system model) relating the following termsGlycolysisOxidation of Pyruvate .Citric Acid CycleElectron Transport ChainChemiosmosis.GlucoseSubstrate level phos.oxidized elec. carriers (NAD+)High enerGy Elec.PyruvateAcetylCoALow enerGy Eleç.H+ GradientCO2ОхудеnADP + PiWaterАТРOxidative Phos.-- ---- ----reduced elec. carriers (NADH)

Complete a concept map (or system model) relating the following terms Glycolysis .. Oxidation of Pyruygte. Çitric Acid Cycle .. Electron Transport Chain Çhemiosmosis.. Glucose . Oxidative Phos. oxidized elec. carriers (NAD+) High enerGy Elec. Low enerGy Elec. Substrate level phos. Pyruvate AcetylCoA CO2 H+ Gradient Oxygen ADP + P¡ Water ATP reduced elec. carriers (NADH)

Complete a concept map (or system model) relating the following terms Glycolysis .. Oxidation of Pyruygte. Çitric Acid Cycle .. Electron Transport Chain Çhemiosmosis.. Glucose . Oxidative Phos. oxidized elec. carriers (NAD+) High enerGy Elec. Low enerGy Elec. Substrate level phos. Pyruvate AcetylCoA CO2 H+ Gradient Oxygen ADP + P¡ Water ATP reduced elec. carriers (NADH)

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter19: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22P: Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is...

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Characterizing Glycolysis List the reactions of glycolysis that a. are energy consuming (under standard-stale conditions), b. are energy yielding (under standard-state conditions), c. consume ATP. d. yield ATP e. are strongly influenced by changes in concentration of substrate and product because of their molecularity. f. are at or near equilibrium in the erythrocyte (see Table 18.2).
Based on your residing of this chapter, what would you expect to be the most immediate effect oil glycolysis, if the steady-state concentration of gJucose-6-P were 8.3 mM instead of 0.083 mM?
Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP Study Figure 19.2 and determine how many ATP molecules would be generated if a 16-carbon fatly acid were metabolized solely by the TCA cycle, in the form of S acetyl-CoA molecules.
The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)
Understanding the Mechanism of Hemolytic Anemia Genetic defects in glycolytic enzymes can have serious consequences for humans For example, defects in the gene for pyruvate kinase can result in a condition known as hemolytic anemia. Consult a reference to learn about hemolytic anemia, and discuss why such genetic defects lead to this condition.
Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylation
Using the ActiveModel for enoyl-CoA dehydratase, give an example of a case in which conserved residues in slightly different positions can change the catalytic rate of reaction.
Radiotracer Labeling of Pyruvate from Glucose Determine the anticipated location in pyruvate of labeled carbons If glucose molecules labeled (in separate experiments.) with 14C at each position of (.tie carbon skeleton proceed through the glycolytic pathway.
Figure 27.3 illustrates the response of R (ATP-regenerating) and U (ATP-utilizing) enzymes to energy charge. a. Would hexokinase be an R enzyme or a U enzyme? Would glutamine: PRPP amidotransferase, the second enzyme in purine biosynthesis, be an R enzyme or a U enzyme? b. If energy charge = 0.5: Is the activity of hexokinase high or low? Is ribose-5-P pyrophosphokinase activity high or low? c. If energy charge = 0.95: Is the activity of hexokinase high or low? Is ribose-5-P pyrophosphokinase activity high or low?
Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in ethanol metabolism can be transformed into acetyl-COA by the acetyl thiokinase reaction: Acetate+ATP+CoASHacetyleCoA+AMP+PPiAcetyle-CoA then can enter the citric acid cycle and undergo oxidation to 2 CO2by this route, assuming oxidative phosphorylation is part of the process? (Assume all reactions prior to acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cycle occur outside the mitochondrion). Per carbon atom, which is a better metabolic fuel, ethanol or glucose? That is, how many ATP equivalents per carbon atom are generated by combustion of glucose versus ethanol to CO2?
The Catabolism of Uric Acid Write a balanced equation for the oxidation of uric acid to glyoxylic acid, CO2, and NH3, showing each step in the process and naming all of the enzymes involved.
Distinguishing the Mechanisms of Class I and Class I Aldolases Fructose bisphosphate aldolase in animal muscle is a class 1 aldolase, which forms a Schiff base intermediate between substrate (for example. fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate) and a lysine at the active site (see Figure I8.12). The chemical evidence for this intermediate conies from studies with aldolase and the reducing agent sodium borohydride, NaBH4. Incubation of the enzyme with dihydroxyacetone phosphate and NaBH4 inactivates the enzyme. Interestingly, no inactivation is observed if NabH4 is added to the enzyme in the absence of substrate. Write a mechanism that explains these observations and provides evidence for the formation of a Schiff base intermediate in the aldolase reaction.