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Anatomy and Physiology
Complete 1 through 15

Complete 1 through 15

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Complete 1 through 15 

Serous Membranes Membranes are thin sheets of cells and proteins that line all of the openings and cavities of the body. There are several types of membranes in the body. Let's examine one type, called serous membranes. Figure 2.4 illustrates serous membranes. Serous membranes line the inside walls of the ventral cavities. They also cover most of the visceral, or internal, organs of the ventral cavities. Each serous membrane consists of an outer layer that attaches to the cavity wall, called a parietal layer, and an inner layer that adheres to an inner organ, called a visceral layer. A small space separates the two layers, and a small amount of serous fluid is produced by cells in the membrane to reduce friction between the two layers when organs shift in position. The serous membranes are named for the organs and cavities with which they are associated. The serous membrane associated with the heart is the pericardium, the membrane associated with the lungs is the pleura, and the membrane associated with the abdominal organs is the peritoneum. Each of these membranes includes a parietal layer and a visceral layer, separated by a small cavity. Exercise 4: Serous Membranes Label the serous membranes and their cavities in Figure 2.4a, b, and c. 5.- (cavity) Exercise 2 Body Organization 6. (د) 2. (cavity) 3._ in 205 Figure 2.4a: Serous membranes of thoracic cavity, anterior view. Obluedoor, LLC 17
Transcribed Image Text:Serous Membranes Membranes are thin sheets of cells and proteins that line all of the openings and cavities of the body. There are several types of membranes in the body. Let's examine one type, called serous membranes. Figure 2.4 illustrates serous membranes. Serous membranes line the inside walls of the ventral cavities. They also cover most of the visceral, or internal, organs of the ventral cavities. Each serous membrane consists of an outer layer that attaches to the cavity wall, called a parietal layer, and an inner layer that adheres to an inner organ, called a visceral layer. A small space separates the two layers, and a small amount of serous fluid is produced by cells in the membrane to reduce friction between the two layers when organs shift in position. The serous membranes are named for the organs and cavities with which they are associated. The serous membrane associated with the heart is the pericardium, the membrane associated with the lungs is the pleura, and the membrane associated with the abdominal organs is the peritoneum. Each of these membranes includes a parietal layer and a visceral layer, separated by a small cavity. Exercise 4: Serous Membranes Label the serous membranes and their cavities in Figure 2.4a, b, and c. 5.- (cavity) Exercise 2 Body Organization 6. (د) 2. (cavity) 3._ in 205 Figure 2.4a: Serous membranes of thoracic cavity, anterior view. Obluedoor, LLC 17
Thoracic vertebra Esophagus. Right lung Aorta Pulmonary trunk Heart Anterior mediastinum Right kidney- At 15. Body of vertebra L2 14.- (cavity) Posterior 13. -MEN Anterior Spinal cord س سے امریکہ کے Sternum Aorta Posterior Left lung Figure 2.4b: Serous membranes of thoracic cavity, anterior view. . 7.. Anterior 8. 9. 7342 12. 11. 10. (cavity) Spinal nerve (cavity) Peritoneal cavity (containing liver, stomach and spleen) Body wall 6444 Renal vein Inferior vena cava Renal artery Figure 2.4c: Serous membranes of abdominal cavity, transverse section. Left kidney Body wall Obluedoor, LLC Obluedoor, LLC Abdominopelvic Divisions The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into smaller portions to aid in the description of various inter- nal organs. Two alternate "maps" have been established. One scheme divides the cavity into nine abdominopelvic regions, creating what looks like a "tic-tac-toe" grid by drawing two vertical and two horizontal lines. The vertical lines begin medial to each nipple and extend from the diaphragm to the pelvic area. The upper horizontal line extends across the abdomen just inferior to the lower Exercise 2 Body Organization 18
Transcribed Image Text:Thoracic vertebra Esophagus. Right lung Aorta Pulmonary trunk Heart Anterior mediastinum Right kidney- At 15. Body of vertebra L2 14.- (cavity) Posterior 13. -MEN Anterior Spinal cord س سے امریکہ کے Sternum Aorta Posterior Left lung Figure 2.4b: Serous membranes of thoracic cavity, anterior view. . 7.. Anterior 8. 9. 7342 12. 11. 10. (cavity) Spinal nerve (cavity) Peritoneal cavity (containing liver, stomach and spleen) Body wall 6444 Renal vein Inferior vena cava Renal artery Figure 2.4c: Serous membranes of abdominal cavity, transverse section. Left kidney Body wall Obluedoor, LLC Obluedoor, LLC Abdominopelvic Divisions The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into smaller portions to aid in the description of various inter- nal organs. Two alternate "maps" have been established. One scheme divides the cavity into nine abdominopelvic regions, creating what looks like a "tic-tac-toe" grid by drawing two vertical and two horizontal lines. The vertical lines begin medial to each nipple and extend from the diaphragm to the pelvic area. The upper horizontal line extends across the abdomen just inferior to the lower Exercise 2 Body Organization 18
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