Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:**Classifying Reaction Spontaneity Based on ΔH and ΔS**
This educational material presents the classification of possible combinations of thermodynamic values \(\Delta H\) (enthalpy change) and \(\Delta S\) (entropy change) for a chemical reaction based on the resulting spontaneity at various temperature conditions. The categories are divided into four sections:
1. **Spontaneous as written at all temperatures**
- \(\Delta H\) = - (negative)
- \(\Delta S\) = + (positive)
2. **Spontaneous in reverse at all temperatures**
3. **Spontaneous as written above a certain temperature**
4. **Spontaneous as written below a certain temperature**
At the bottom of the image, there is an "Answer Bank" containing different combinations of \(\Delta H\) and \(\Delta S\):
- \(\Delta H\) = +, \(\Delta S\) = +
- \(\Delta H\) = -, \(\Delta S\) = -
- \(\Delta H\) = +, \(\Delta S\) = -
- \(\Delta H\) = -, \(\Delta S\) = +
Currently, the combination \(\Delta H\) = -, \(\Delta S\) = - has been classified under "Spontaneous as written at all temperatures." The remaining combinations need to be placed in their respective categories based on spontaneity criteria.
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