cl 2)H20

Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Hello can someone help me me with this problem the reagent in black have to be oxidizing instead your starting with an alcohol and showing the reaction and I am confused can someone please help for the bottom I used (NaBH4)/(MeOH) and the right you can better see the reagents but I'm trying to learn the material if anyone has any oxidizing reagents as well that will do the same thing please add them as well and thank you for helping me. 

**Chemical Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms**

This diagram depicts an instructional sequence of organic reactions with four different starting materials and their transformations through various reagents and conditions, leading to the formation of a central organic product.

1. **First Reaction Pathway**: 
   - Starting Material: An alkyne with a chlorine substituent (Cl) attached to one of the carbons in the triple bond.
   - Reagents and Conditions: The alkyne is treated with Zinc (Zn) and Hydrochloric Acid (HCl).
   - Result: The product is an alcohol (OH) where the triple bond is reduced, and the carbon bearing the chlorine is now a saturated carbon bearing a hydroxyl group (OH) instead.

2. **Second Reaction Pathway**:
   - Starting Material: An alkyne with a bromine substituent (Br) attached to one of the carbons in the triple bond.
   - Reagents and Conditions: 
     - First step: The alkyne is treated with Lithium acetylide (Li) followed by ammonia (NH₃)
     - Second step: The intermediate product is further treated with Water (H₂O).
   - Result: This leads to the formation of an alcohol (OH), showing that the bromine has been replaced and the alkyne triple bond is reduced similarly to the first pathway.

3. **Third Reaction Pathway**:
   - Starting Material: A cyclic compound.
   - Reagents and Conditions: The starting material is treated with Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) in Methanol (CH₃OH).
   - Result: The reaction presumably leads to a cyclic alcohol with the OH group attached to one of the carbon atoms in the cycle.

4. **Fourth Reaction Pathway**:
   - Starting Material: A different cyclic compound.
   - Reagents and Conditions: The starting material is treated with Lithium Aluminium Hydride (LiAlH₄), followed by water (H₂O).
   - Result: This leads to a reduction reaction resulting in the formation of an alcohol where the original structure contains an OH group.

Each pathway leads from various starting alkynes or cyclic compounds through specific reagents that add hydroxyl groups (OH) and produce alcohols. The overall schematic provides insight into key organic transformations involving reductions and the introduction of hydroxyl functional groups. This information can be crucial for understanding organic synthesis and mechanistic pathways in organic chemistry.
Transcribed Image Text:**Chemical Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms** This diagram depicts an instructional sequence of organic reactions with four different starting materials and their transformations through various reagents and conditions, leading to the formation of a central organic product. 1. **First Reaction Pathway**: - Starting Material: An alkyne with a chlorine substituent (Cl) attached to one of the carbons in the triple bond. - Reagents and Conditions: The alkyne is treated with Zinc (Zn) and Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). - Result: The product is an alcohol (OH) where the triple bond is reduced, and the carbon bearing the chlorine is now a saturated carbon bearing a hydroxyl group (OH) instead. 2. **Second Reaction Pathway**: - Starting Material: An alkyne with a bromine substituent (Br) attached to one of the carbons in the triple bond. - Reagents and Conditions: - First step: The alkyne is treated with Lithium acetylide (Li) followed by ammonia (NH₃) - Second step: The intermediate product is further treated with Water (H₂O). - Result: This leads to the formation of an alcohol (OH), showing that the bromine has been replaced and the alkyne triple bond is reduced similarly to the first pathway. 3. **Third Reaction Pathway**: - Starting Material: A cyclic compound. - Reagents and Conditions: The starting material is treated with Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) in Methanol (CH₃OH). - Result: The reaction presumably leads to a cyclic alcohol with the OH group attached to one of the carbon atoms in the cycle. 4. **Fourth Reaction Pathway**: - Starting Material: A different cyclic compound. - Reagents and Conditions: The starting material is treated with Lithium Aluminium Hydride (LiAlH₄), followed by water (H₂O). - Result: This leads to a reduction reaction resulting in the formation of an alcohol where the original structure contains an OH group. Each pathway leads from various starting alkynes or cyclic compounds through specific reagents that add hydroxyl groups (OH) and produce alcohols. The overall schematic provides insight into key organic transformations involving reductions and the introduction of hydroxyl functional groups. This information can be crucial for understanding organic synthesis and mechanistic pathways in organic chemistry.
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