Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
Hello can someone help me me with this problem the reagent in black have to be oxidizing instead your starting with an alcohol and showing the reaction and I am confused can someone please help for the bottom I used (NaBH4)/(MeOH) and the right you can better see the reagents but I'm trying to learn the material if anyone has any oxidizing reagents as well that will do the same thing please add them as well and thank you for helping me.
![**Chemical Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms**
This diagram depicts an instructional sequence of organic reactions with four different starting materials and their transformations through various reagents and conditions, leading to the formation of a central organic product.
1. **First Reaction Pathway**:
- Starting Material: An alkyne with a chlorine substituent (Cl) attached to one of the carbons in the triple bond.
- Reagents and Conditions: The alkyne is treated with Zinc (Zn) and Hydrochloric Acid (HCl).
- Result: The product is an alcohol (OH) where the triple bond is reduced, and the carbon bearing the chlorine is now a saturated carbon bearing a hydroxyl group (OH) instead.
2. **Second Reaction Pathway**:
- Starting Material: An alkyne with a bromine substituent (Br) attached to one of the carbons in the triple bond.
- Reagents and Conditions:
- First step: The alkyne is treated with Lithium acetylide (Li) followed by ammonia (NH₃)
- Second step: The intermediate product is further treated with Water (H₂O).
- Result: This leads to the formation of an alcohol (OH), showing that the bromine has been replaced and the alkyne triple bond is reduced similarly to the first pathway.
3. **Third Reaction Pathway**:
- Starting Material: A cyclic compound.
- Reagents and Conditions: The starting material is treated with Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) in Methanol (CH₃OH).
- Result: The reaction presumably leads to a cyclic alcohol with the OH group attached to one of the carbon atoms in the cycle.
4. **Fourth Reaction Pathway**:
- Starting Material: A different cyclic compound.
- Reagents and Conditions: The starting material is treated with Lithium Aluminium Hydride (LiAlH₄), followed by water (H₂O).
- Result: This leads to a reduction reaction resulting in the formation of an alcohol where the original structure contains an OH group.
Each pathway leads from various starting alkynes or cyclic compounds through specific reagents that add hydroxyl groups (OH) and produce alcohols. The overall schematic provides insight into key organic transformations involving reductions and the introduction of hydroxyl functional groups. This information can be crucial for understanding organic synthesis and mechanistic pathways in organic chemistry.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F8afd835b-b164-4187-8cbf-01a7fb9b88d5%2Fdf4f6b85-7ad1-4895-a879-835b34334f62%2Fmq3m97k_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![](/static/compass_v2/shared-icons/check-mark.png)
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 2 images
![Blurred answer](/static/compass_v2/solution-images/blurred-answer.jpg)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259911156/9781259911156_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Principles of Instrumental Analysis](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577213/9781305577213_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259911156/9781259911156_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Principles of Instrumental Analysis](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577213/9781305577213_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Organic Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780078021558/9780078021558_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry: Principles and Reactions](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305079373/9781305079373_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781118431221/9781118431221_smallCoverImage.gif)