Steel Centre Philippines uses hydraulic press or ram to punch holes in a 14mm thick steel plate as shown in the figure. If the punching shear resistance of the plate is 280 N/mm^2. Determine what is the maximum diameter of the hole that can be punched. Assume P is 85 tons (Hint: 1 ton = 1000kg). Hydraulic ram Plate

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Types and properties of steel

Steel is an alloy of iron. It is formed by heating iron and combining carbon (0.1-1.7%) with it and minor amounts of other elements such sulfur,  chromium, manganese, nickel, etc. Thousands of steel grades have been published, registered, or regulated around the world, each with its chemical composition, and special numbering systems have been devised in various countries to classify the vast number of alloys.