CASE STUDY BY ANSWERING THE FOLLOWING QUESTION: Executive Summary Composed of four paragraphs up to 250 words only. Written last to focus on following key points: Where is the organization? [the current situation] Why is it there? [policies, procedures, events, people that led to the current situation] Where does the organization want to be? [goal and preferred state of the organization] How will the organization get there? [course of action to be taken so the organization can reach its goal, and the logic supporting the solution] Introduction After a short historical background of the company, this is a whole section of the paper which consists of: Industry Background that provides a synopsis of the relevant information about the industry or sector of the company or its main product [good or service], or its management –which guides you in the discussion of the case. Current Situation Analysis that analyzes an organization's internal and external environment to understand the organization's capabilities, customers, and business environment. Case Analysis A whole section of the paper divided into major components, as follows: Key Issues and Problems that presents the central issue(s) or major problem(s) in the case here. Do not rehash the facts of the case. Assume that anyone reading the report is familiar with the case. Goals and Objectives that aside from reflecting the long-term or strategic directions, also presents the immediate goals. Goals are general guidelines that explain what the firm wants to achieve. Objectives define strategies or implementation steps to attain the identified goals. Unlike goals, objectives are specific, measurable, and have a defined completion date. Assumptions Express your assumption as a complete, declarative sentence (not a question, not a word or phrase or fragment). An assumption is an unexamined belief: what we think without realizing we think it. An assumption can be proved and disproved in your analysis. Data Analysis Data Analysis is the process of systematically applying statistical and/or logical techniques to describe and illustrate, condense and recap, and evaluate data. There are strategic tools available. Alternative Courses of Action Provide three mutually exclusive suggestions to solve problem or reach goal: NO ACTION: MODERATE ACTION: STRONG ACTION: Briefly present the major arguments for and against each alternative. Be sure to state your assumptions and the impact of constraints on each alternative. Decision Criteria We should always employ decision criteria in making any decision. The criteria are going to help you determine that a successful decision has been made. What is important to us that will help us determine our choice? Conclusion This is a whole section of the paper that summarizes your decision in clear, simple language. Present the analysis and the logic that led you to select a particular solution. Also discuss the reasons you rejected the other alternatives. Preferred Alternative Provide rationale for the chosen alternative from among the three presented in the alternative courses of action. Present “guess-timates” or creative ideas as established upon some economic basis and reasoning. Implementation Plan Outline a plan of action that will lead to effective implementation of the decision so that the reader can see not only why you chose a particular alternative but how it will work.
CASE STUDY BY ANSWERING THE FOLLOWING QUESTION: Executive Summary Composed of four paragraphs up to 250 words only. Written last to focus on following key points: Where is the organization? [the current situation] Why is it there? [policies, procedures, events, people that led to the current situation] Where does the organization want to be? [goal and preferred state of the organization] How will the organization get there? [course of action to be taken so the organization can reach its goal, and the logic supporting the solution] Introduction After a short historical background of the company, this is a whole section of the paper which consists of: Industry Background that provides a synopsis of the relevant information about the industry or sector of the company or its main product [good or service], or its management –which guides you in the discussion of the case. Current Situation Analysis that analyzes an organization's internal and external environment to understand the organization's capabilities, customers, and business environment. Case Analysis A whole section of the paper divided into major components, as follows: Key Issues and Problems that presents the central issue(s) or major problem(s) in the case here. Do not rehash the facts of the case. Assume that anyone reading the report is familiar with the case. Goals and Objectives that aside from reflecting the long-term or strategic directions, also presents the immediate goals. Goals are general guidelines that explain what the firm wants to achieve. Objectives define strategies or implementation steps to attain the identified goals. Unlike goals, objectives are specific, measurable, and have a defined completion date. Assumptions Express your assumption as a complete, declarative sentence (not a question, not a word or phrase or fragment). An assumption is an unexamined belief: what we think without realizing we think it. An assumption can be proved and disproved in your analysis. Data Analysis Data Analysis is the process of systematically applying statistical and/or logical techniques to describe and illustrate, condense and recap, and evaluate data. There are strategic tools available. Alternative Courses of Action Provide three mutually exclusive suggestions to solve problem or reach goal: NO ACTION: MODERATE ACTION: STRONG ACTION: Briefly present the major arguments for and against each alternative. Be sure to state your assumptions and the impact of constraints on each alternative. Decision Criteria We should always employ decision criteria in making any decision. The criteria are going to help you determine that a successful decision has been made. What is important to us that will help us determine our choice? Conclusion This is a whole section of the paper that summarizes your decision in clear, simple language. Present the analysis and the logic that led you to select a particular solution. Also discuss the reasons you rejected the other alternatives. Preferred Alternative Provide rationale for the chosen alternative from among the three presented in the alternative courses of action. Present “guess-timates” or creative ideas as established upon some economic basis and reasoning. Implementation Plan Outline a plan of action that will lead to effective implementation of the decision so that the reader can see not only why you chose a particular alternative but how it will work.
Chapter16: Managerial Communication
Section16.5: The Major Channels Of Management Communication Are Talking, Listening, Reading, And Writing
Problem 2DQ: Discuss the internal and external communications that Disney employed in this situation. The...
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CASE STUDY BY ANSWERING THE FOLLOWING QUESTION:
Executive Summary
Composed of four paragraphs up to 250 words only. Written last to focus on following key points: Where is the organization? [the current situation]
Why is it there? [policies, procedures, events, people that led to the current situation]
Where does the organization want to be? [goal and preferred state of the organization]
How will the organization get there? [course of action to be taken so the organization can reach its goal, and the logic supporting the solution]
Introduction
After a short historical background of the company, this is a whole section of the paper which consists of:
- Industry Background
that provides a synopsis of the relevant information about the industry or sector of the company or its main product [good or service], or its management –which guides you in the discussion of the case.
- Current Situation Analysis
that analyzes an organization's internal and external environment to understand the organization's capabilities, customers, and business environment.
Case Analysis
A whole section of the paper divided into major components, as follows:
- Key Issues and Problems
that presents the central issue(s) or major problem(s) in the case here. Do not rehash the facts of the case. Assume that anyone reading the report is familiar with the case.
- Goals and Objectives
that aside from reflecting the long-term or strategic directions, also presents the immediate goals. Goals are general guidelines that explain what the firm wants to achieve. Objectives define strategies or implementation steps to attain the identified goals. Unlike goals, objectives are specific, measurable, and have a defined completion date.
- Assumptions
Express your assumption as a complete, declarative sentence (not a question, not a word or phrase or fragment). An assumption is an unexamined belief: what we think without realizing we think it. An assumption can be proved and disproved in your analysis.
- Data Analysis
Data Analysis is the process of systematically applying statistical and/or logical techniques to describe and illustrate, condense and recap, and evaluate data. There are strategic tools available.
- Alternative Courses of Action
Provide three mutually exclusive suggestions to solve problem or reach goal:
NO ACTION:
MODERATE ACTION:
STRONG ACTION:
Briefly present the major arguments for and against each alternative. Be sure to state your assumptions and the impact of constraints on each alternative.
- Decision Criteria
We should always employ decision criteria in making any decision. The criteria are going to help you determine that a successful decision has been made. What is important to us that will help us determine our choice?
Conclusion
This is a whole section of the paper that summarizes your decision in clear, simple language. Present the analysis and the logic that led you to select a particular solution. Also discuss the reasons you rejected the other alternatives.
- Preferred Alternative
Provide rationale for the chosen alternative from among the three presented in the alternative courses of action. Present “guess-timates” or creative ideas as established upon some economic basis and reasoning.
- Implementation Plan
Outline a plan of action that will lead to effective implementation of the decision so that the reader can see not only why you chose a particular alternative but how it will work.
Transcribed Image Text:PUMP-PINAS Project George and Tito's Pinoys Uplifting Marginalized Pinoys (PUMP) PINAS was an innovative project with the goal of uplifting many Filipinos from
poverty, most specifically the poorest of the poor who were primarily fishermen and farmers. PUMP-PINAS had a connotation of propelling the Philippines, as implied by
the term "pump." The PUMP-PINAS project aimed to establish an institution that would provide capital as well as guidance and support to groups of farmers and
fishermen so that their harvests could be of higher value and be exported thereby paving the way to higher value-added products and income. The provided capital,
guidance and support comprised (1) deciding what to produce with desired productivity and efficiency. (2) manufacturing of the product with export quality, and (3)
coordinating with potential markets for the produced. All these processes aimed to be taught to the fishermen and farmers themselves."
Meeting with the Advisers In September 2015, George organized a meeting with potential advisers wherein he presented the PUMP-PINAS Project. There were
about ten (10) renowned people invited, most of them retired but very influential professionals (see Exhibit 3). Tito was also present in the meeting. Passionately,
everyone agreed that it was already high time to eradicate poverty in the Philippines as other neighboring countries had significantly improved their own poverty
incidence levels. The underpinnings of PUMP-PINAS Project - namely Cooperatives, Impact Investment and Business Incubators -- were discussed thoroughly, and the
potential advisers foresaw promising results. George raised his concern about funding of the project and, fortunately, one of the potential advisers pledged that she
would help secure the funding for its start-up. Other advisers suggested other funding sources, such as banks, foundations and non-governmental organizations. One of
the invited potential advisers offered funding from China, but it had some conditions that some advisers did not want due to some conflicts of interest. It was also the
time when China and Philippines were at the height of a tension regarding a territorial dispute. George was glad to hear these exchanges of ideas and strategies. He
considered the meeting with the potential advisers to be a success. Out of the ten invited potential advisers, six of them confirmed becoming PUMP-PINAS advisors while
others, due to their busy schedules, opted to just be external consultants and supporters, which was also fine for George. Although the meeting had been good, advisers
also argued about where should they source the seed capital or the funding for the start-up.
Meeting with the Executive Board In October 2015, George organized a meeting with potential executive board members who served as the core team for
implementation. George, Tito and the advisers invited potential candidates with the same passion for poverty eradication. There were young ones and retirees, with
diverse professional fields of specialization or professional background, who attended the meeting. Most of them had decided to be part of the Project, despite there
being no official entity yet. Some offered suggestions and potential sources of funding to support the start-up of the project. After the discussion, the group developed an
organizational structure for the project (see Exhibit 4). Later that night, after the meeting with the potential executive board, George was bothered because there was an
attendee who asked him if the entity was already registered so that it could deal legally with prospective partners and individuals. George discussed it with Tito, who
advised that the project budget should include the incorporation for the group. Upon discussing it, they estimated a $25 million fund for the initial projects of PUMP-
PINAS, from which the incorporation funding could also be extracted. After the initial meeting with the executive board, there were a series of other small meetings that
enhanced the concept further.
The Prelude to Incorporation With Tito being a dual citizen of the United States of America and the Philippines, he needed to be back in US during the last quarter
of 2015. George was left alone in November 2015 with other executive officers who remained through their passion. During those times, work became demanding and
compelled many officers of the group to meet only infrequently. George visited the Security Exchange Commission (SEC) of the Philippines several times in November
2015 in order to register their group with the name PUMP-PINAS Agri-Business Corp. There were a lot of challenges in order to incorporate it, especially that they
decided that the registered company to have a paid-up capital of 10 million Philippine pesos (USD 217,391.3 at the Php46/S1 exchange rate.) In order to do this, George
tried to package the PUMP-PINAS Project inclusive of the incorporation; he included the cost of incorporation in the proposed budget or seed capital needed.
Attempts for Funding With a very challenging experience in the SEC, for the drafting of the different legal papers required for registration (see Exhibit 5), George
tried to ask some help from the group to fast-track the processes. This was because they also needed to get capital funding for the official registration. Unfortunately, the
adviser who offered that she would take charge of the fund sourcing had suddenly become very busy and unreachable. George, despite his busy schedule, wanted to hit
the ground running. With this situation, George sent unsolicited proposals to Asian Development Bank (ADB) and USAID as these are key institutions that support
projects that address critical social problems or issues (See Exhibit 6 & Exhibit 7). He also sent letters to potential grantors. Lastly, he sent letters to concerned
government agencies. However, these efforts were to no avail.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) The idea for the Asian Development Bank originated in the early 1960s. The vision was for a financial institution that would be Asian
in character and would foster economic growth and cooperation in one of the poorest regions in the world. ADB formally launched in December 1966 with 31 members,
headquartered in Manila and focusing is assistance primarily on food production and rural development." By 2015, the organization had 67 members."
USAID USAID's mission focuses on eliminating extreme poverty while "promoting the development of resilient, democratic societies that are able to realize their
potential." Funded by the U.S. government, USAID provides assistance to more than 100 foreign countries in the developing world to promote economic prosperity, food
security and further education.
Meetings with Private Companies and Friends Tito, despite being in U.S. since October, had been communicating with George from time to time in November to
second week of December 2015. George also continued to meet with Tite's friends, and with his own friends as well, to discuss and share the PUMP-PINAS Concept
Paper. Some supported it, while others due to their busy work had dedined to be involved or only took on passive roles.
The Choice to be Made In December 2015, George aimed to finally register their group in SEC. Also in December, he received a message from the adviser who offered
help with the said funding. That had pleased George, despite there being no certainty when the help would be given. George wondered whether he should engage ADB or
USAID again to get the additional funding. Or, should he continue his presentations to friends and private companies with Tito's guidance? What about the government
agencies, Non-Government Organizations (NGOS), or foundations? George and the group knew that they needed to start somewhere, even just with the incorporation, so
that they could deal more formally and legally with other individuals and institutions. George wondered what choice he should pursue for funding this start-up.
Transcribed Image Text:Lets Pump It Pinas!
On a sunny day in May 2015, George Ugabbam walked into a coffee shop to meet with someone who had been referred to him by a friend, for a discussion about a dream
project on poverty eradication in the Philippines. Standing tall, Tito Uyevce Jr. shook hands with George as they met each other for first time. Their meeting lasted
throughout the whole afternoon until twilight.
George was a young economics professor and researcher at his university in one of the main cities in Luzon, while Tito was a former Chief-of-Staff of a government
agency in the Philippines and had spearheaded different development programs. After a long discussion with data and concept papers that Tito had brought with him,
George and Tito decided to call their project Pinoys Uplifting Marginalized Pinoys (PUMP)-PINAS. They also planned what their next steps should be. At the end of the
meeting, however, George was unsure about how to source the capital needed for the project's start-up.
Overview of Poverty in the Philippines:
During their meeting, George and Tito had discussed the stagnant status of poverty incidence in the Philippines, which was still above 25%, meaning that 25 million
individuals remained in poverty. These individuals earned only $2 or less a day. Most of them went to bed hungry. Many of them were farmers and fishermen living in
the countryside, though it was also alarming that in the urban areas the number of poor people had been increasing as well. George shared that "the Agriculture sector
had not been developed ever since the Philippines had shifted into a service-oriented economy sometime in 1990s."' A huge number of the labor force worked in in the
agriculture sector. With its underdevelopment, employment conditions in the sector were very bad. For example, Tito highlighted that middlemen exploited and took
advantage the farmers and fishermen and pocketed their profits. Despite the different initiatives and programs done by the government and private institutions, poverty
level incidence had not changed significantly. The incidence of poverty among Filipinos in 2015 was recorded at 26.3%, a very slight improvement from 27.9% in 2012.
Tito elaborated: "rich companies and individuals are into the city developments and businesses, while agriculture-related investments are risky and the return is usually
less compared to investments in industry and services-related business activities." 3
Overview of the Philippine Economic Structure and its Relation to Poverty
The Philippine economy focused on the services sector in the late 20th century as, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and other services related industries started to
flourish. In the annual record of 2014, the share of Services Sector to the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 57.3%, Industry had a share of 31.3% and Agriculture
had only an 11.3% share."The drive of the services sector, with the robust Overseas Filipino Workers' (OFWS) increasing remittances, had been the source of resilient
and strong economic growth that many expected to contribute to the poverty alleviation, with the hope that money liquidity would trickle down into the marginalized. *
Historically, in early 1900s to 1950s, agriculture had been a source of considerable growth and development until massive industrialization begun sometime in 1950s.
The Agriculture Sector Share to total GDP in 1946 to 1951 had been above 30%, but it gradually declined to below 30% in 1952 and thereafter. " With different
Development Plans implemented by the Government since 1950s vi, the Philippine economy shifted into a more open economy in the 1990s and beyond. The Recent
Development Plan, under President Aquino administration, focused on inclusive growth and development. Undeniably, the shift from the Agriculture sector into the
Industrial sector had been very swift, leaving the former sector stagnant in terms of developments. In a similar way, the services sector became in-demand dramatically
for the Philippines, which left the Industrial sector without desired developments. This effect was called leap-frogging by some economists and researchers: a leap or
rapid shift from Agriculture sector to Services sector. With the shift to services, Agriculture and Industrial sectors' productivity levels were deemed less important
compared to the Services sector. The stagnant growth and development in Agriculture and Industrial Sectors in the Philippines resulted in undesirably high
unemployment levels.
Many recent studies showed that in order to uplift the employment condition in the country, there must be progress in the Agricultural Sector and enhancement in
manufacturing industry. In the past 40 years, there had been underinvestment in the Agriculture and Industrial sectors. According to the World Bank's comprehensive
development report in 2013, "the key to breaking this pattern is to pursue an economic reform agenda that both completes the agricultural development phase and
supports a revival of labor-intensive manufacturing for exports."é Research and development support, aside from financial support, also needed to be provided to the
agriculture and mining sector in order to bolster productivity and enhance quality.' Asian Development Bank likewise determined that one of the causes of poverty in
the Philippines was the failure to fully develop the Agriculture sector. The majority of the poor families were in the rural areas, mostly working as farmers and
fisherman in the Agriculture sector. In 2014, official estimates indicated the number of poor Filipinos being between 24.1 and 27.4 million. Although global poverty
levels were declining, the Philippine poverty remained high."
The Importance of Institutions
their book Why Nations Fail," argued
There has been much research about the root causes of power, prosperity and poverty. Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson,
that man-made political and economic institutions serve as the foundation for economic success. If the economic or political institution is not effective, then the economy
of a nation may fall into prolonged poverty. In the Philippines, many foundations as well as the government helped the plight of the poor. On the part of the Philippine
government, an important institution, the National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC), was formed under the Public Act No. 8425 also known as the "Social Reform and
Poverty Alleviation Act" implemented in 1998. However, former chairperson of Civil Service Commission Karina Constantino David, said in 2010 that the NAPC "has
been in the limbo in the last few years.Maybe the concept sounds good on the paper but in actual fact, a coordinate body headed by the President, with Cabinet
members at the forefront.. the coordination like NAPC has no stature or power to craft policy that the departments should implement."
Inclusive Growth Inclusive growth is defined as a growth that is rapid enough to matter, given the country's large population, geographical differences, and social
complexity. It is a kind of growth that creates jobs, draws the majority into the economic and social mainstream, and continuously reduces mass poverty.1 The main
things that could hinder inclusive growth are low economic growth, weak employment generation, and persistently high inequality. These, in turn, have deeper
structural underpinnings that are crucial to be addressed. The major concerns are the inadequate infrastructure, weak institutions and governance, inadequate levels of
human development, and a poor and degraded state of environment and natural resources." All of these can be related to the Philippine Agriculture Sector's worsening
condition because most of the resources for investment from the private or government sector were going into the Services Sector.5
Impact Investing The term impact investing emerged sometime in early 2000 and referred to building value not only in terms of profit or good return but also to
provide a good societal impact. Impact investments refer to "investments made into companies, organizations and funds with the intention to generate social and
environmental impact alongside with financial return."1 This became an effective way to address the fund shortage for developments of other countries, particularly the
emerging or developing ones. Funding in the impact investment could be for employment, financial inclusion, economic development, sustainable living, agriculture and
education."
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