Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
The diagram presented is a structural representation of an organic chemical compound. The skeletal structure of the molecule appears to be an amide with specific substituents.
**Analysis of the Structure:**
- The structure consists of a carbon chain with an amide functional group.
- The carbon chain is four carbons long (butane).
- The amide group (NH) is bonded at the terminal carbon of the chain.
**Choosing the Correct Systematic Name:**
The options provided are in the form of clickable tiles containing prefixes, infixes, and suffixes commonly used in organic chemistry nomenclature:
- **Prefixes**: N-, 2-, 5-, 4-, 3-
- **Infixes**: di, tetra, tri, prop (indicates three carbons), meth (one carbon), but (four carbons), eth (two carbons), hex (six carbons), pent (five carbons)
- **Suffixes**: amine, al, amide
The correct systematic name for the compound is based on identifying the number of carbons in the longest chain, the position of the substituents, and the functional group:
- The longest chain contains four carbons -> prefix "but"
- The functional group is an amide -> suffix "amide"
- The substituent groups are two hydrogen atoms bonded to nitrogen (N,N-)
Thus, based on the structure above, the systematic name for the compound is **"butanamide"**.
**Conclusion:**
Understanding the structure of organic compounds is essential for proper systematic naming. This exercise illustrates the importance of identifying the longest carbon chain, functional groups, and substituents in providing an accurate name.
Ensure to practice this technique with different structures to enhance your proficiency in organic chemistry nomenclature.
**Note**: The analysis has omitted a specific amino substituent position, assuming simplicity for educational purposes. Advanced nomenclature might provide additional specificity.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F9804a76a-010d-4c52-ac1e-3d3df2595288%2F8ae6994f-0eff-4cfc-8694-0ec3421d8f16%2Fsc1chna_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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