Can you please briefly define these five classes of domain folds.: α, β, α / β, α + β, and cross-linked domains, and compare/contrast the four helix-bundle and the globin fold?
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Can you please briefly define these five classes of domain folds.: α, β, α / β, α + β, and cross-linked domains, and compare/contrast the four helix-bundle and the globin fold?
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- Give the effect of the following changes in the protein structure of hemoglobin Replacement of analanine located at the middle of helix B with prolineThe hemoglobin in the fetus (HbF) is a structural variant of the hemoglobin in the mother (HbA). HbA is a tetrameric protein complex consisting of two α-globin and two β-globin subunits. HbF is made up of two αglobin and two γ-globin subunits, where the γ-globins are similar to the β-globins but γglobins have lower affinity for 2,3- bisphosphoglycerate or BPG. Studies of oxygen transport in pregnant mammals show that the oxygen-saturation curves between the red blood cells of the fetus and the mother are markedly different. 1. The shape of hemoglobin binding curves is: hyperbolic or sigmoidal 2. a) Based on the binding curves, determine the dissociation constant (Kd) for each hemoglobin complex. (Show correct units.) Kd of HbF + BPG: ________________ Kd of HbA + BPG: _____________________ b) Which has a higher affinity for oxygen? HbF+BPG HbA+BPG 3. a) How many BPG molecule(s) is/are expected to bind one hemoglobin complex? 1 2 3 4 b) BPG binding preferentially stabilizes which state…How many alpha helices comprise this structure (2JHO-myoglobin)? Number the helices with helix 1 at the N-terminus.
- If an extra nucleotide is inserted in the first exon of the beta globin gene, what effect will it have on the amino acid sequence of the globin polypeptides? Will the globin most likely be fully functional, partly functional, or nonfunctional? Why?The steps involved in the T→ R transition in when oxygen binds to hemoglobin are outlined below. Place them in the correct order (1 = first thing to happen), assuming that it is the oxygen-binding that initiates the transition and that the process occurs in discrete steps. The proximal histidine is pulled by the heme iron. The F helix is pulled out of place, breaking a network of salt bridges. The iron is pulled into the plane of the protoporphyrin IX ring. Oxygen binds to the heme. < <Use the following information to answer the following questions."The native structure of hemoglobin (HB) comprises of two α and two β subunits, each of which carries a heme group. There appear to be no previous studies that report the in-vitro folding and assembly of Hb from highly unfolded α and β globin in a 'one-pot' reaction. One difficulty that has to be overcome for studies of this kind is the tendency of Hb to aggregate during refolding. This work demonstrates that denaturation of Hb in 40% acetonitrile at pH 10.0 is reversible." (J Am Soc Mass Spectrum 2007, 18, 8-16)Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is most consistent with the information in the passage? Group of answer choices A. a tertiary protein with two polypeptides B. a quaternary protein with two polypeptides C. a tertiary protein with four polypeptides D. a quaternary protein with four polypeptides When nucleotides polymerize to form a nucleic acid, ________. Group of answer choices A. a…
- Shown below are two cartoon views of the small globular protein StrepG inwhich an α helix is packed against a four-strand β sheet. The sheet is madeup of two “β-hairpins” (a β-hairpin is a “β-turn-β” structure). Refer to theimages and answer the questions that follow: (a) Identify the locations of the N- and C-termini of StrepG.(b) Indicate the orientation of the helical macrodipole, showing the (δ+)and (δ-) ends of the macrodipole.(c) How many residues are in the helix?(d) Do you predict that the α helix and β sheet are amphiphilic or not?Briefly explain.(e) The following two peptides are part of the primary sequence of StrepG.Based on your answer to part (d), which one is more likely to correspondto the α helix? Which is most likely to be part of a β-hairpin? Explainyour choice.Peptide #1: DAATAEKVFKQYAND or Peptide #2: VDGEWTYDDATKTFTVIdentify the following by describing their functions: EF-G, EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-P, and peptidyl transferaseIs myoglobin a motif, a domain, or a complete three-dimensional structure? Explain.
- The amide hydrogen atoms of peptide bonds within proteins can exchange with protons in the solvent. In general, amide hydrogen atoms in buried regions of proteins and protein complexes exchange more slowly than those on the solvent-accessible surface do. Determination of these rates can be used to explore the proteinfolding reaction, probe the tertiary structure of proteins, and identify the regions of protein–protein interfaces. These exchange reactions can be followed by studying the behavior of the protein in solvent that has been labeled with deuterium ( ²H), a stable isotope of hydrogen. What two methods described in this chapter could be readily applied to the study of hydrogen– deuterium exchange rates in proteins?Consider the following protein sequence as an α helix: Leu-Lys-Arg-Ile-Val-Asp-Ile-Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Phe-Lys-Val. how many turns does this helix make?What will be the effect of the following changes to the protein structure of hemoglobin and its function? A. Replacement of the proximal histidine residue at the 8thposition of the F helix by asparagine. B. A phenylalanine to proline mutation resulting in decreased cooperativity of the polypeptide chains. C. Replacement of a nonpolar amino acid in the interior of the protein to a hydrophilic amino acid.