An automobile having a mass of m= 1650kg is subjected to vibration in the vertical direction while travelling on a rough road. The road has a sinusoidal waveform with an amplitude Y = 0.07m, and a wavelength of A = 6.5m. Assuming that the automobile can be modelled as a single degree of freedom spring-mass-damper system with an equivalent stiffness k = 460kN/m. Sketch the system described above and construct the equation of motion. Determine the values for damping ratio, C, and/or the damping coefficient, c, so that passengers will experience a 12% reduction in vibration when the automobile is travelling at: a. low speed (5km/h 100km/h) c. Plot the vibration amplitude of the vehicle as a function of or c, and the vehicle speed v. Note that the speed of the vehicle for questions a. and b. can be selected within the specified range. Hint: Part a, b, and c of this question can be solved and plotted together. It may be impossible to solve question a. on its own.

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Axial Load

When a bar of the uniform cross-section is acted by a load, such that the load acts along the longitudinal axis of the bar, such kinds of loadings are known as axial loadings. In general terms, a load is an external force acting on a component. An axial load acts perpendicular to the geometric cross-section of the component. Based on the direction of the application of the load, an axial load can be tensile or compressive. The analysis of bodies under the action of axial loads is generally studied under the branch of mechanics, known as statics.