Calculate the ultimate bearing capacity considering the following: A. A strip footing, 2 meters wide. B. A square footing 3 m by 3 m C. A circular footing 3 m in diameter. All footings are located at the ground surface and groundwater level is at the ground surface. The soil is coarse-grained with saturated unit weight of 17.8 kN/m3 and angle of internal friction of 30°.

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Load and resistance factor design

Load and resistance factors design (LRFD), also known as Limit state design (LSD), refers to the design method used in building engineering. A boundary condition is a condition of a structure where it can no longer meet the relevant design requirements. The condition may refer to the load level or other actions on the structure, while the terms refer to the integrity of the structure, suitability for use, durability, or other design requirements. A structure designed for LRFD is limited to keeping track of all possible actions during its design time and is always ready for use, with the appropriate level of reliability in each boundary condition. LRFD-based construction codes clearly define the appropriate levels of reliability in their instructions.