Calculate the amount of lime and soda required to treat tuwo million litre (M.L.) of hard water, containing carbonate hardness equal to 15° French, and magnesium hardness equal to 9° French, and a total hardness of 24° French.

Calculate the amount of lime and soda required to treat tuwo million litre (M.L.) of hard water, containing carbonate hardness equal to 15° French, and magnesium hardness equal to 9° French, and a total hardness of 24° French.

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Fluid Materials

In general terms, anything that flows can be termed as a fluid. In other words, a fluid is any substance that cannot resist shear forces and deforms continuously under the application of external shear forces. Fluid materials differ completely from solid materials such as metals and alloys. For instance, if we consider two infinitesimally small cross-sectional areas of fluid materials and solid materials, and apply shear forces to these elements, both the elements will undergo deformation. Upon releasing the shear force, the element of the solid materials will regain its original orientation, but the element of the fluid materials will keep on deforming continuously under the action of the shear force.

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Calculate the amount of lime and soda required to treat two
million litre (M.1.) of hard water, containing carbonate hardness equal to 15°
French, and magnesium hardness equal to 9° French, and a total hardness of
24° French.

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