by what factor is th
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According to the Moseley plot, if a target element with atomic number Z used in the production of x-rays is replaced by another element for which the atomic number = 3Z, by what factor is the wavelength of the K-alpha x-ray line changed?
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- 3. a) Alpha particles of the same initial speed are shot at the same intensity toward gold, silver, and aluminum foils of the same thickness. They are observed at a detector at a fixed scattering angle, 0 0°. What would the ratios of the number of alpha particles scattered by the gold and silver foils to the aluminum foil, No Au 13). NaAl and respectively, be? (ZAu = 79, ZAg = 47, ZAI Na Ag NaAl b) Compare the number of a particles of fixed kinetic energy scattered through an angle of 10° (call this Na(10°)) with the number scattered through an angle of 20° (Na (20°)) for Rutherford scattering by a thin gold foil of fixed thickness. Compute Na (10⁰) Na (20°). p2 Rutherford's scattering model assumes that the alpha particles experience a Coulomb repulsion, F = KqZe from the nucleus of the foil's atom. If, in a head-on collision the alpha particle has enough energy to get inside a uniformly charged Kqa Zer nucleus of radius R, the force law would change to F = R³ " point-nucleus…An unknown element X has the following isotopes: ⁶⁴X (49.00% abundant), ⁶⁶X (28.00% abundant), ⁶⁸X (23.00% abundant). What is the average atomic mass in amu of X?8. An x-ray beam is composed of equal intensities of 30 pm x-rays and 50 pm x- rays. The xray beam is now directed upon a material whose linear absorption coefficient for 30 pm xrays and 50-pm x-rays are 0.30 mm-1 and 0.72 mm-1 respectively. How thick is thematerial if the exiting x-ray beam is composed of twice as many 30 pm x-rays as 50-pm xrays?
- Alpha particles of kinetic energy 6.9M V are incident at a rate of 3.1x 10" per second on a copper foil of thickness 3.1 x 10-m. A circular detector of diameter 1.0cm is placed 13cm from the foil at an angle of 30° with the direction of the incident alpha particles. At what rate does the detector measure scattered alpha particles? (The molar mass of copper is 63.5 and its density is 8.9em-)Chlorine is an unusual element in that it has two abundant stable isotopes, Cl-35 and Cl-37, constituting, respec-tively, about 76% and 24% of natural chlorine. The masses of these isotopes in unified atomic mass units are, to three significant figures, equal to their mass numbers 35 and 37. A mass spectrom-eter like that described in Example 26.1 and Fig. 26.7 is used with singly ionized chlorine atoms. The spectrometer has a 3.50-kV accelerating potential and a 163-mT magnetic field. How far apart will Cl-35 and Cl-37 ions be when they reach the detector?