A sample of hypothetical element X decays by positron emission and has a half-life of 79 years. How many years are necessary for a sample of this radioisotope to be reduced by 79%? Answer to the nearest year.
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A sample of hypothetical element X decays by positron emission and has a half-life of 79 years. How many years are necessary for a sample of this radioisotope to be reduced by 79%? Answer to the nearest year.
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- We obviously cannot wait for 4 million years to determine the half-life of technetium, or even 87.7 years to determine the half-life of plutonium. The half-life of a substance is determined using a Geiger counter, which is essentially a tube filled with an inert gas. When a particle decays and produces radiation, it briefly ionizes the gas and produces a detectable electric pulse, which is amplified and counted by a detector (before digital displays were available, you would hear clicks and see a needle register on a dial). Determine the formula for the half-life of a substance, H(M), with an initial count of N0 pulses and a count of N1 pulses M minutes later.The half-life for the decay of carbon-14 is 5.73*10^3 years. Suppose the activity due to the radioactive decay of the carbon-14 in a tiny sample of an artifact made of wood from an archeological dig is measured to be 1.0*10^ 3Bq. The activity in a similar-sized sample of fresh wood is measured to be 6.9*10^3 Bq. Calculate the age of the artifact. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.If tritium has a half life of 12.26 years, how old is a sample if two-thirds of it is now the daughter isotope? What type of decay is responsible if the daughter is Helium-3?
- What fraction f1 of a radioactive sample will be left after 3 half‑lives? f1 = ? What fraction f2 of a radioactive sample will be left after 8.5 half‑lives? f2 = ?Modern household smoke detectors contain a tiny speck of the element Americium (Am, atomic number 95, atomic mass 241), which has a half-life of 432 years and an activity of (roughly) of 37,000 decays per second. a) What is the approximate mass of this speck? (Hint: the atomic mass of this isotope is approximately 241.06 u). b) This isotope is an alpha emitter. Is its radiation likely to be a hazard to the household members while the smoke detector is on the ceiling? Explain.Carbon-14, with a half-life of 5730 years, has a decay constant of λ = 1.21 × 10-4 yr-1. A piece of wood from an archaeological site is found to have 1.9 % of its original carbon-14. How many years old (t) is the piece of wood? Express your answer in scientific notation. Example: 1.23e4.
- An 8 g sample of a radioactive element takes 8.42 million years to reduce into 2 g. Calculate the half-life and identify the element.Suppose that you want to find out how much gasoline is in an underground storage tank. You pour in 1 gallon of gasoline that contains some radioactive material with a long half-life that gives off 5000 counts per minute. The next day, you remove a gallon from the underground tank and measure its radioactivity to be 10 counts per minute. How much gasoline is in the tank?The activity of a particular radioactive nuclide falls from 1 × 1011 Bq to 2 × 1010 Bq in 10 hours. Calculate the half-life of the nuclide.
- What fraction f1 of a radioactive sample will be left after 6 half‑lives? What fraction f2 of a radioactive sample will be left after 7.5 half‑lives?Use the fact that there are 3.13x107 s/year. (a) The half-life of the radioactive nucleus 22688Ra is 1.58x103 years. What is the decay constant (in s-1) of 22688Ra? (b) If a sample of 22688Ra nuclei has a decay rate of 3.9x105 decays /s at t = 0, then what is the decay rate after the sample is 4740 years old?Radon gas has a half-life of 3.83 days. If 2.70 g of radon gas is present at time t = 0, what mass of radon will remain after 2.40 days have passed?