Bt eggplant is a genetically-modified eggplant developed by Filipino scientists. It was developed to become pest-resistance containing the gene of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis which contains toxins that are lethal to some insects including the pest bollworm. Currently, it is under controversy because of a legal battle between its supporters and those who are against it. Should the government ban the production, commercialization and consumption of the said product?
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A: Consensus sequence is a particular sequence that is found at different places in the genome . These…
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A: Answer is c.) A. tumefaciens is used as a vector to move genes into plant cells.
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A:
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A: The lac operon is an operon or group of genes with a single promoter (transcribed as a single mRNA).
Q: What type of risks do genetically modified food potentially pose?
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A: Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that are…
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A:
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Q: If glucose levels in the cell are high and lactose is available from the environment, what is the…
A: Bacteria such as E.coli has developed an outstanding system of genes that together regulate the…
Q: Bt eggplant is a genetically-modified eggplant developed by Filipino scientists. It was developed to…
A: The genetically modified eggplant is the world’s first GM eggplant to have insecticidal protein,…
Q: Lac operon experiment,
A: In bacteria, the operon is the coordinated unit of genetic expression and is the functioning unit of…
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A: A Genetically modified technology is formed of insertion of a DNA into the genome of an organism.…
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A: The transfer of genetic material from one individual organism to another is called a gene transfer.…
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Q: Suppose that the E. coli gene for the lac operon repressor has a mutation that makes the repressor…
A: Lac operon is a concept in the E.coli bacteria which helps in transportation and metabolism of…
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A: spontaneous mutations are those which which occur naturally due to change in allele due to…
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- In 2013, there was an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) at an NFL training facility. One player suffereda career-ending infection to his foot and sued the team owners for $20 million for unsanitary conditions that contributed to the bacterialinfection. A settlement with undisclosed terms was reached in2017. MRSA is highly contagious and is spread by direct skin contactor by airborne transmission and can result in amputation or death.In addition, MRSA is very difficult to treat because it is resistant tomany antibiotics. For example, b -lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin,function by binding to and inactivating bacterial penicillin-bindingproteins (PBPs), which synthesize the bacterial cell wall. However,MRSA expresses an alternative type of PBP, called PBP2a encodedby the mecA gene. b -lactam antibiotics only weakly bind PBP2a,and thus cell wall synthesis can continue in their presence. Moreover,in a system somewhat analogous to the regulation of the…In 2013, there was an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) at an NFL training facility. One player suffereda career-ending infection to his foot and sued the team owners for $20 million for unsanitary conditions that contributed to the bacterialinfection. A settlement with undisclosed terms was reached in2017. MRSA is highly contagious and is spread by direct skin contactor by airborne transmission and can result in amputation or death.In addition, MRSA is very difficult to treat because it is resistant tomany antibiotics. For example, b -lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin,function by binding to and inactivating bacterial penicillin-bindingproteins (PBPs), which synthesize the bacterial cell wall. However,MRSA expresses an alternative type of PBP, called PBP2a encodedby the mecA gene. b -lactam antibiotics only weakly bind PBP2a,and thus cell wall synthesis can continue in their presence. Moreover,in a system somewhat analogous to the regulation of the…In 2013, there was an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) at an NFL training facility. One player suffereda career-ending infection to his foot and sued the team owners for $20 million for unsanitary conditions that contributed to the bacterialinfection. A settlement with undisclosed terms was reached in2017. MRSA is highly contagious and is spread by direct skin contactor by airborne transmission and can result in amputation or death.In addition, MRSA is very difficult to treat because it is resistant tomany antibiotics. For example, b -lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin,function by binding to and inactivating bacterial penicillin-bindingproteins (PBPs), which synthesize the bacterial cell wall. However,MRSA expresses an alternative type of PBP, called PBP2a encodedby the mecA gene. b -lactam antibiotics only weakly bind PBP2a,and thus cell wall synthesis can continue in their presence. Moreover,in a system somewhat analogous to the regulation of the…
- Katelyn had been working for Dr. Johnson for a month, and while she had become quite good at measuring inhibitionzones, she didn’t know why she was doing all this work. She had gotten very curious after she began doing all themeasurements on a new set of antibiotics. # is experiment involved infecting mice with MRSA and tracking how theMRSA grew over time.Data were collected by counting the cells of MRSA taken from $ uid samples from the mice. # e cells were measuredby taking one gram of the $ uid and spreading it over plates, but now Katelyn counted the colonies that grew on theplate after 24 hours. Because there were so many, she actually measured the colonies as “log CFU/g.” A CFU is acolony forming unit, or essentially a cell that will divide into a colony that can be seen. Because there can be so many,Katelyn measured them on a logarithmic (log) scale. # e raw data in her lab notebook looked like the following:Table 1. E% ect of treatment on MRSA in mice after 24 hours of drug…Hookworms, parasitic nematodes transmitted through contact between bare feet and soil,infect nearly a half billion people. In the small SE Asian nation of Timor-Leste, infection rates insome regions approach 70%, and the resulting anemia from these infections has a serious impacton quality of life. Health officials are concerned by a recent rise in Ivermectin-resistant cases inthe isolated enclave of Oecussi, and are worried about these drug resistance genes spreading tothe capital Dili, 165 km away. You genotype diploid female hookworms, Ancylostoma ceylanicum,from 100 patients in each location for a neutral locus with two alleles A1 & A2.You find the following genotypic count data: A1/A1 A1/A2 A2/A2 Oecussi 36 48 16 Dili 9 42 3a. Use these data to calculate FST between these two populations. 3b. Assuming that these two populations are in drift/migration equilibrium, what is the effectivenumber of migrants moving between them each generationIn addition to the many pharmaceutical products available to treat various diseases, there are also many “natural remedies” that may treat the same diseases, though they do not have FDA approval. For example, Dramamine was developed to treat nausea, but many tout ginger as an effective remedy for nausea. Despite the potential of these natural remedies, pharmaceutical companies do not invest in the development of these natural remedies to obtain FDA approval. Explain why this is the case, and what might be a potential solution to this underinvestment.
- Describe the interactions of Agrobacterium tumefaciens with its host plant. Why is this plant pathogen useful for biotechnology?In terms of microbial pathogenicity, molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that show: A microbe is the aetiological agent of a disease A gene encodes a product that contributes to disease A gene encodes a product that contributes to immunity to a disease A mutation does not contribute to diseaseSoil bacteria such as Streptomyces spp. produce the bulk of known antibiotics. It has been suggested that in nature antibiotics serve as signaling molecules, allowing members of the same species or strain to communicate. If this is the case, what might these molecular signals be “saying” and how would such a message be transmitted?
- nich TWO of the following statements about Extended Spectrum ß-lactamases are CORRECT? O Extended Spectrum ß-lactamases can inactivate all B-lactam antibiotics except third generation antibiotics in this family. O Genetic material encoding for extended spectrum ß-lactamases are easily transferred to other bacteria via transduction. O Extended Spectrum ß-lactamases are frequently produced in Klebsiella sp. and Escherichia coli strains. O Many Extended Spectrum ß-lactamases are not inhibited by clavulanic acid and other B-lactamase inhibitors. OSome Extended Spectrum ß-lactamases-producing E. coli are still sensitive to penicillins. OA new class of Extended Spectrum ß-lactamases has emerged and these have been widely detected among S. epidermidis. O Extended Spectrum ß-lactamases are not effective against the cephalosporin family of antibiotics.Bruce Ames and his colleagues have pointed out that although detailed toxicological analysis has been conducted on synthetic chemicals, almost no information is available about the mutagenic or carcinogenic effects of the toxins produced by plants as a natural defense against fungi, insects, and animal predators. Tens of thousands of such compounds have been discovered, and he estimates that in the United States adults eat about 1.5 g of these compounds each daylevels that are approximately 10,000 times higher than those of the synthetic pesticides present in the diet. For example, cabbage contains 49 natural pesticides and metabolites, and only a few of these have been tested for their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. a. With the introduction of new foods into the U.S. diet over the last 200 years (mangoes, kiwi fruit, tomatoes, and so forth), has there been enough time for humans to develop resistance to the mutagenic effects of the toxins present in those foods? b. The natural pesticides present in plants constitute more than 99% of the toxins we eat. Should diet planning, especially for vegetarians, take into account the doses of toxins present in the diet?Because of overuse of antibiotics and/or weakened governmental surveillance of infectious disease, several diseasesthat had been thought to be no longer a threat to humanhealth (e.g., pneumonia and tuberculosis) are rapidly becoming unmanageable. In several instances, so-called superbugs(microorganisms that are resistant to almost all known antibiotics) have been detected. How did this circumstancearise? What will happen if this process continues?