Briefly sketch out the most direct series of steps to make aspartate from glutamate (you do not need to show each step, just outline key intermediates that are shuttled from one pathway to another). Draw each of the possible labeled aspartate molecules that would be produced from the labeled glutamate above and clearly show which carbon(s), if any, would be labeled with ¹4C and/or ¹3℃ in each molecule of aspartate. Briefly sketch out the most direct series of steps to make glucose from glutamate (you do not need to show each step, just outline key intermediates that are shuttled from one pathway to another). Draw each of the possible labeled glucose molecules that would be produced from the labeled glutamate above and clearly show which carbon(s), if any, would be labeled with ¹4C and/or ¹³℃ in each of the glucose molecules. Briefly sketch out the most direct series of steps to make palmitate from glutamate (you do not need to show each step, just outline key intermediates that are shuttled from one pathway to another). Draw the palmitate molecule that would be produced from the labeled glutamate above and clearly show which carbon(s), if any, would be labeled with ¹4C and/or ¹3C. In this case, indicate the fractional labeling for each labeled carbon (i.e., 100%, 50%, 25% etc.) rather than drawing out all the possible products (which are too numerous to show individually).
Briefly sketch out the most direct series of steps to make aspartate from glutamate (you do not need to show each step, just outline key intermediates that are shuttled from one pathway to another). Draw each of the possible labeled aspartate molecules that would be produced from the labeled glutamate above and clearly show which carbon(s), if any, would be labeled with ¹4C and/or ¹3℃ in each molecule of aspartate. Briefly sketch out the most direct series of steps to make glucose from glutamate (you do not need to show each step, just outline key intermediates that are shuttled from one pathway to another). Draw each of the possible labeled glucose molecules that would be produced from the labeled glutamate above and clearly show which carbon(s), if any, would be labeled with ¹4C and/or ¹³℃ in each of the glucose molecules. Briefly sketch out the most direct series of steps to make palmitate from glutamate (you do not need to show each step, just outline key intermediates that are shuttled from one pathway to another). Draw the palmitate molecule that would be produced from the labeled glutamate above and clearly show which carbon(s), if any, would be labeled with ¹4C and/or ¹3C. In this case, indicate the fractional labeling for each labeled carbon (i.e., 100%, 50%, 25% etc.) rather than drawing out all the possible products (which are too numerous to show individually).
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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**Task Instructions:**
**1. Aspartate Formation from Glutamate:**
- Briefly sketch out the most direct series of steps to make aspartate from glutamate (you do not need to show each step, just outline key intermediates that are shuttled from one pathway to another).
- Draw each of the possible labeled aspartate molecules that would be produced from the labeled glutamate above and clearly show which carbon(s), if any, would be labeled with \(^14C\) and/or \(^13C\) in each molecule of aspartate.
**2. Glucose Formation from Glutamate:**
- Briefly sketch out the most direct series of steps to make glucose from glutamate (you do not need to show each step, just outline key intermediates that are shuttled from one pathway to another).
- Draw each of the possible labeled glucose molecules that would be produced from the labeled glutamate above and clearly show which carbon(s), if any, would be labeled with \(^14C\) and/or \(^13C\) in each molecule of glucose.
**3. Palmitate Formation from Glutamate:**
- Briefly sketch out the most direct series of steps to make palmitate from glutamate (you do not need to show each step, just outline key intermediates that are shuttled from one pathway to another).
- Draw the palmitate molecule that would be produced from the labeled glutamate above and clearly show which carbon(s), if any, would be](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff53216d8-665e-438d-9139-10dafbadcbd3%2F59f876d5-1f6c-4554-b6cb-355788604f5f%2Fwap4d4n_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Glutamate Metabolism Experimental Task
**1) A well-fed, resting rat is given a meal that includes glutamate labeled with \(^14C\) at the γ-carbon and \(^13C\) at the β-carbon (see below). Assume the labeled glutamate and unlabeled HCO3\(^-\) are the only sources of carbon for fatty acid, glucose, and amino acid biosynthesis and the glutamate is converted as directly as possible to glucose, palmitate, or aspartic acid.**
**Labeled Glutamate Structure:**
- Gamma carbon (γ-carbon) labeled with \(^14C\) (indicated in red).
- Beta carbon (β-carbon) labeled with \(^13C\) (indicated in blue).
**Task Instructions:**
**1. Aspartate Formation from Glutamate:**
- Briefly sketch out the most direct series of steps to make aspartate from glutamate (you do not need to show each step, just outline key intermediates that are shuttled from one pathway to another).
- Draw each of the possible labeled aspartate molecules that would be produced from the labeled glutamate above and clearly show which carbon(s), if any, would be labeled with \(^14C\) and/or \(^13C\) in each molecule of aspartate.
**2. Glucose Formation from Glutamate:**
- Briefly sketch out the most direct series of steps to make glucose from glutamate (you do not need to show each step, just outline key intermediates that are shuttled from one pathway to another).
- Draw each of the possible labeled glucose molecules that would be produced from the labeled glutamate above and clearly show which carbon(s), if any, would be labeled with \(^14C\) and/or \(^13C\) in each molecule of glucose.
**3. Palmitate Formation from Glutamate:**
- Briefly sketch out the most direct series of steps to make palmitate from glutamate (you do not need to show each step, just outline key intermediates that are shuttled from one pathway to another).
- Draw the palmitate molecule that would be produced from the labeled glutamate above and clearly show which carbon(s), if any, would be
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