:Br: + H-Br: CH;CH-CH3 CH,CH—СНз a. CH;CH=CH2 :Br: CH3 CH3 CH3 NH3 b. CH,C —СІ CH3C-NH3 CHĄC+ 1. CH3 СГ CH3 CH3 ӧ: ӧ: :ö: НО: СHз—С—СІ СГ c. CH3 CI CH3 НО. Нӧ:
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
Draw curved arrows to show the movement of the electrons in each step of the following reaction sequences. (Hint: You can tell how to draw the arrows for each step by looking at the products that are formed in that step as a result of the movement of electrons.)
![:Br:
+ H-Br:
CH;CH-CH3
CH,CH—СНз
a. CH;CH=CH2
:Br:
CH3
CH3
CH3
NH3
b. CH,C —СІ
CH3C-NH3
CHĄC+
1.
CH3
СГ
CH3
CH3
ӧ:
ӧ:
:ö:
НО:
СHз—С—СІ
СГ
c.
CH3
CI
CH3
НО.
Нӧ:](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F0a5ef3a4-7da5-4ad2-862e-0d2a4fc8858e%2F353acb7e-9b3a-4a3b-8891-d88355e8c7c7%2F97famt.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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