Both mitochondria and chloroplasts use a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis, but in different locations. What is the major structural difference, that is related to the proton gradient, between mitochondria and chloroplasts, and where is ATP generated in each?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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**Mitochondria and Chloroplasts: Proton Gradient and ATP Synthesis**

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts use a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis, but in different locations. What is the major structural difference, that is related to the proton gradient, between mitochondria and chloroplasts, and where is ATP generated in each?

**Explanation:**

- **Mitochondria:** ATP is primarily generated in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The proton gradient is established across this membrane during cellular respiration.

- **Chloroplasts:** In chloroplasts, ATP is generated in the thylakoid membrane. The proton gradient here is established during photosynthesis.

The key structural difference lies in the location and structure of these membranes, where ATP synthase facilitates ATP production by utilizing the established proton gradients.
Transcribed Image Text:**Mitochondria and Chloroplasts: Proton Gradient and ATP Synthesis** Both mitochondria and chloroplasts use a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis, but in different locations. What is the major structural difference, that is related to the proton gradient, between mitochondria and chloroplasts, and where is ATP generated in each? **Explanation:** - **Mitochondria:** ATP is primarily generated in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The proton gradient is established across this membrane during cellular respiration. - **Chloroplasts:** In chloroplasts, ATP is generated in the thylakoid membrane. The proton gradient here is established during photosynthesis. The key structural difference lies in the location and structure of these membranes, where ATP synthase facilitates ATP production by utilizing the established proton gradients.
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