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Based on the reading provided above, what is the most prevalent metal ion in bone and tooth enamel?

Based on the reading provided above, what is the most prevalent metal ion in bone and tooth enamel?

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Based on the reading provided above, what is the most prevalent metal ion in bone and tooth enamel? 

Chemical Connections 3A Coral Chemistry and Broken Bones Bone is a highly structured matrix consisting of both in- involving bone loss, a bone graft may be needed. An alterna- organic and organic materials. The inorganic material tive to a bone graft is an implant of synthetic bone material. is chiefly hydroxyapatite, Ca,(PO,),OH, which makes One such material, called Pro Osteon®, is derived by heat- up about 70% of bone by dry weight. By comparison, the ing coral (calcium carbonate) with ammonium hydrogen enamel of teeth consists almost entirely of hydroxyapa- phosphate to form a hydroxyapatite similar to that of bone. tite. Chief among the organic components of bone are col- Throughout the heating process, the porous structure of lagen fibers (proteins, see Chapter 22), which thread the coral, which resembles that of bone, is retained. their way through the inorganic matrix, providing extra strength and allowing bone to flex under stress. Also weaving through the hydroxyapatite-collagen framework are blood vessels that supply nutrients. A problem faced by orthopedic surgeons is how to repair bone damage. For a minor fracture, usually a few weeks in a cast suffices for the normal process of bone growth to re- 200°C 5CACO, + 3(NH,),HPO, 24-60 hours Coral Ca,(PO,),OH + 3(NH,),CO, + 2H,CO3 Hydroxyapatite The surgeon can shape a piece of this material to pair the damaged area. For severe fractures, especially those match the bone void, implant it, stabilize the area by in- serting metal plates and/or screws, and let new bone tis- 3 sue grow into the pores of the implant. In an alternative process, a dry mixture of calcium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, Ca(H,PO,), H,0O; calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO,); and calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is prepared. Just before the surgical implant oc- curs, these chemicals are mixed with a solution of sodium phosphate to form a paste that is then injected into the bony area to be repaired. In this way, the fractured bony area is held in the desired position by the synthetic mate- rial while the natural process of bone rebuilding replaces A wrist fracture repaired with bone cement (white area). the implant with living bone tissue. Synthes, USA (fomerly Norian Corp., Cupertino, CA)
Transcribed Image Text:Chemical Connections 3A Coral Chemistry and Broken Bones Bone is a highly structured matrix consisting of both in- involving bone loss, a bone graft may be needed. An alterna- organic and organic materials. The inorganic material tive to a bone graft is an implant of synthetic bone material. is chiefly hydroxyapatite, Ca,(PO,),OH, which makes One such material, called Pro Osteon®, is derived by heat- up about 70% of bone by dry weight. By comparison, the ing coral (calcium carbonate) with ammonium hydrogen enamel of teeth consists almost entirely of hydroxyapa- phosphate to form a hydroxyapatite similar to that of bone. tite. Chief among the organic components of bone are col- Throughout the heating process, the porous structure of lagen fibers (proteins, see Chapter 22), which thread the coral, which resembles that of bone, is retained. their way through the inorganic matrix, providing extra strength and allowing bone to flex under stress. Also weaving through the hydroxyapatite-collagen framework are blood vessels that supply nutrients. A problem faced by orthopedic surgeons is how to repair bone damage. For a minor fracture, usually a few weeks in a cast suffices for the normal process of bone growth to re- 200°C 5CACO, + 3(NH,),HPO, 24-60 hours Coral Ca,(PO,),OH + 3(NH,),CO, + 2H,CO3 Hydroxyapatite The surgeon can shape a piece of this material to pair the damaged area. For severe fractures, especially those match the bone void, implant it, stabilize the area by in- serting metal plates and/or screws, and let new bone tis- 3 sue grow into the pores of the implant. In an alternative process, a dry mixture of calcium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, Ca(H,PO,), H,0O; calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO,); and calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is prepared. Just before the surgical implant oc- curs, these chemicals are mixed with a solution of sodium phosphate to form a paste that is then injected into the bony area to be repaired. In this way, the fractured bony area is held in the desired position by the synthetic mate- rial while the natural process of bone rebuilding replaces A wrist fracture repaired with bone cement (white area). the implant with living bone tissue. Synthes, USA (fomerly Norian Corp., Cupertino, CA)
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