Electronic Transitions and Spectroscopy
The term “electronic” connotes electron, and the term “transition” implies transformation. In a molecule, the electrons move from a lower to a higher energy state due to excitation. The two energy states, the ground state and the excited state are the lowest and the highest energy states, respectively. An energy change is observed with this transition, which depicts the various data related to the molecule.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a part of experimental chemistry. It is a technique used in laboratories that involves projecting intense beams of radiation on a sample element. In response, the element ejects electrons for which the relative energies are measured.
Gave the condemned electronica configuration for each of the following obeying all the rules.
Po
Zr
Pb
V
Aufbau's is a German word that mean building up . This principle help in building up of atom by filling up the electron by following 4 rules , which are :
- Pauli's exclusion principle : It states that no two electrons in an atom can have same values for the set of quantum number .
- Hund's of max multiplicity : The rule states that orbitals of a given subshell in an atom will be singly occupied by the electron having the same spin . After that the pairing of electron take place in the orbitals .
- (n+l)rule : It states the orbital that have lesser( n+l ) value will be occupied first .If in case orbital having same (n+l) value , the orbital with smaller n value will occupy first
- Stability of half filled and fully filled : Orbitals having fully filled and half filled have more energy thus more stable .
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