At a stop sign, some drivers come to a full stop, some come to a rolling stop (not a fullstop, but slow down), and some do not stop at all. Test if there is an association betweengender and type of stop (full, rolling, or no stop). Data is collected by standing a few feet ISTOPIfrom a stop sign and taking note of the type of stop and the gender of the driver. Below isa contingency table summarizing the data that was collected. Do the data provide enoughevidence to show that there is an association between gender and type of stop (full,rolling, or no stop)? Test at the 3% level and round expected values to one decimal place.Туре ofStop (Observed)Male(ExpectedValue)Female(ExpectedValue)MaleFemaleRow(Observed)TotalFullStopRollingStopNo8182615223712820StopColumn354883TotalH: HypothesesH.: Select an answerand Select an answer v are Select an answer vHa: Select an answer v and Select an answer v are Select an answer vOriginal Claim: Select an answer v Enter the critical values, along with the significance level and degrees of freedom x(a,df) below thegraph. (Graph is for illustration only. No need to shade.)X- Distribution0.120.10.080.060.040.02Test Statistic x?(Round to three decimal places.)P-value =(Round to four decimal places.)Decision: Select an answer vConclusion:There Select an answer v significant evidence to conclude that Select an answer v andSelect an answer v are Select an answer V.STE60T10316S861LE25ETProbability

Name: At a stop sign, some drivers come to a full stop, some come to a roll
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Description: At a stop sign, some drivers come to a full stop, some come to a rolling stop (not a fullstop, but slow down), and some do not stop at all. Test if there is an association betweengender and type of stop (full, rolling, or no stop). Data is collected

To test if the data provides enough evidence that there is an association between Gender and Type of stop. State the hypothesis as follows: Null Hypothesis: H0: There is no association between Gender and Type of stop. In other words, Gender and Type of stop are independent. Alternative Hypothesis Ha: There is an association between Gender and Type of stop. In other words, Gender and Type of stop are dependent. Original Claim is Ha Degrees of freedom df=r-1c-1=3-12-1=2 [r is the number of rows and c is the number of columns] Critical value at 2 degrees of freedom and 0.03 significance level is 7.0131 Test statistic is given by the formula: χ2=∑iOi-Ei2Ei where, Oi : observed frequency and Ei : Expected frequencies. Expected frequencies are calculated as follows: E=corresponding row total×corresponding column total/Grand total Type of stop Male Female Row Total Full stop 26×3583=10.9≈11.0 26×4883=15.0 26 Rolling stop 37×3583=15.6 37×4883=21.4 37 No stop 20×3583=8.4 20×4883=11.6 20 Column Total 35 48 83 Calculation of the test statistic: χ2=∑iOi-Ei2Ei=0.81818182+0.6+0.02307692+0.01682243+1.54285714+1.11724138=4.11817969≈4.118 Thus, the value of the test statistic is 4.118 Using Excel function "=CHISQ.DIST.RT(4.118,2)", p-value for 2 degrees of freedom and 0.03 level is 0.1276 Since, p-value is greater than the significance level, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that Gender and Type of stop are dependent (or) have association.

Math

Statistics

At a stop sign, some drivers come to a full stop, some come to a rolling stop (not a full stop, but slow down), and some do not stop at all. Test if there is an association between gender and type of stop (full, rolling, or no stop). Data is collected by standing a few feet from a stop sign and taking note of the type of stop and the gender of the driver. Below is a contingency table summarizing the data that was collected. Do the data provide enough evidence to show that there is an association between gender and type of stop (full, rolling, or no stop)? Test at the 3% level and round expected values to one decimal place. Туре of Stop (Observed) Male (Expected Value) Female (Еxpected Value) Male Female Row Total (Observed) Full Stop Rolling Stop No Stop Column 18 26 22 37 12 8. 20 35 48 83 Total 15

At a stop sign, some drivers come to a full stop, some come to a rolling stop (not a full stop, but slow down), and some do not stop at all. Test if there is an association between gender and type of stop (full, rolling, or no stop). Data is collected by standing a few feet from a stop sign and taking note of the type of stop and the gender of the driver. Below is a contingency table summarizing the data that was collected. Do the data provide enough evidence to show that there is an association between gender and type of stop (full, rolling, or no stop)? Test at the 3% level and round expected values to one decimal place. Туре of Stop (Observed) Male (Expected Value) Female (Еxpected Value) Male Female Row Total (Observed) Full Stop Rolling Stop No Stop Column 18 26 22 37 12 8. 20 35 48 83 Total 15

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.

Topic Video

Question

At a stop sign, some drivers come to a full stop, some come to a rolling stop (not a full
stop, but slow down), and some do not stop at all. Test if there is an association between
gender and type of stop (full, rolling, or no stop). Data is collected by standing a few feet ISTOPI
from a stop sign and taking note of the type of stop and the gender of the driver. Below is
a contingency table summarizing the data that was collected. Do the data provide enough
evidence to show that there is an association between gender and type of stop (full,
rolling, or no stop)? Test at the 3% level and round expected values to one decimal place.
Туре of
Stop (Observed)
Male
(Expected
Value)
Female
(Expected
Value)
Male
Female
Row
(Observed)
Total
Full
Stop
Rolling
Stop
No
8
18
26
15
22
37
12
8
20
Stop
Column
35
48
83
Total
H: Hypotheses
H.: Select an answer
and Select an answer v are Select an answer v
Ha: Select an answer v and Select an answer v are Select an answer v
Original Claim: Select an answer v

Enter the critical values, along with the significance level and degrees of freedom x(a,df) below the
graph. (Graph is for illustration only. No need to shade.)
X- Distribution
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
Test Statistic x?
(Round to three decimal places.)
P-value =
(Round to four decimal places.)
Decision: Select an answer v
Conclusion:
There Select an answer v significant evidence to conclude that Select an answer v and
Select an answer v are Select an answer V.
STE
60T
103
16
S8
61
LE
25
ET
Probability

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