As part of the von Neumann architecture, the a) processing unit and b) programmer counter serve which of the following?
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- Question 1: Describe the steps that transform a program written in a high-level language such as C into a representation that is directly executed by a computer processor. Question 2: Consider three different processors P1, P2, and P3 executing the same instruction set. P1 has a 3 GHz clock rate and a CPI of 1.5. P2 has a 2.5 GHz clock rate and a CPI of 1.0. P3 has a 4.0 GHz clock rate and has a CPI of 2.2. a) Which processor has the highest performance expressed in instructions per second? b) If the processors each execute a program in 10 seconds, find the number of cycles and the number of instructions. c) We are trying to reduce the execution time by 30% but this leads to an increase of 20% in the CPI. What clock rate should we have to get this time reduction?The LC-3 assembly language includes assembler directives and assembly instructions (see the text). Consider this claim: . ORIG and HALT are translated by the assembler into LC-3 machine language instructions. Is this claim true? O Yes, it is true. O No, it is false. Consider this claim: IN is an assembler directive. Is this claim true? O Yes, it is true. O No, it is false.VLIW versus superscalar: whichever implementation presents more of a challenge for compilers? Which architecture poses the greatest challenge to compiler implementation? Why?
- The eight great ideas in computer architecture are similar to ideas from other fields. Match the eight ideas from computer architecture, “Design for Moore’s Law”, “Use Abstraction to Simplify Design”, “Make the Common Case Fast”, “Performance via Parallelism”, “Performance via Pipelining”, “Performance via Prediction”, “Hierarchy of Memories”, and “Dependability via Redundancy” to the following ideas from other fields: a. Assembly lines in automobile manufacturing b. Suspension bridge cables c. Aircraft and marine navigation systems that incorporate Wind information d. Express elevators in buildings e. Library reserve desk f. Increasing the gate area on a CMOS transistor to decrease its switching time g. Adding electromagnetic aircraft catapults (which are electrically-powered as opposed to current steam-powered models), allowed by the increased power generation off ered by the new reactor technology h. Building self-driving cars whose control systems partially rely on existing sensor…The Problem Using C programming language write a program that simulates a variant of the Tiny Machine Architecture. In this implementation memory (RAM) is split into Instruction Memory (IM) and Data Memory (DM). Your code must implement the basic instruction set architecture (ISA) of the Tiny Machine Architecture: 1 LOAD 2→ ADD 3→ STORE 4 → SUB 5> IN 6> OUT 7> END 8 → JMP 9> SKIPZ Each piece of the architecture must be accurately represented in your code (Instruction Register, Program Counter, Memory Address Registers, Instruction Memory, Data Memory, Memory Data Registers, and Accumulator). Data Memory will be represented by an integer array. Your Program Counter will begin pointing to the first instruction of the program. For the sake of simplicity Instruction Memory (IM) and Data Memory (DM) may be implemented as separate arrays. Hint: Implementing a struct for your Instructions and an array of these structs as your Instruction Memory greatly simplifies this program. Example:…What, in your perspective, was it about the von Neumann design that set it apart from the other options available and made it the clear winner?
- The portion of the generated assembly code implementing the C function int (int x, int y, int z) is as follows: Based on this assembly code, fill in the missing portions of the C code. Verify your answer using gcc compiler. Note: x in %edi, y in %esi, z in %edx. Please answer in C language.The Harvard and von Neumann systems in computer architecture are quite different from one another.What does the term "abstraction" mean in terms of computer architecture and organization?