Arabidopsis thaliana is the most widely used flowering plant for genetic and genomic studies. The graph in Figure Q6.2 shows the DNA content per cell at different times points during the life cycle of the plant, beginning with somatic cells of the flower and ending with the single cell seed (after fertilization). Indicate where the stages of premeiosis, meiosis, and fertilization would be found on the X-axis. 0.8 DNA content per cell (pg) 0.4 0.2 Time Figure Q6.2

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Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.