Analyze the following genotypes of the Lac Operon in E. coli. In each case, determine whether Beta-galactosidase (enzyme that digests lactose) and permease (membrane channel that brings lactose into the cell) would be made in the presence or absence of lactose. For the purpose of this question, ignore glucose levels. Simply select 'YES' if the proteins are made or 'NO' if they are not . (Refer to the Lac Operon diagram for the meaning of the letters in the genotypes. Remember a "plus" superscript indicates normal functioning part of operon or repressor gene, a "minus" indicates loss of function, "OC" means "operator- constitutive", and "IS" means "super-repressor") Absence of Lactose Presence of Lactose Genotype В-gal Permease В -gal Permease IS pt 0 z+ y-/ I† P+ 0C z¯ y+ It p+ 0C z+ y+/ I* P¯ 0 Z Y It P 0C Z Y+/ I¯ P* 0 z+ y I+ pt 0 z Y+/ I¯ p+ 0 z+ Y
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
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