### Understanding the β-Oxidation PathwayThis exercise is designed to test your knowledge of the β-oxidation pathway, a crucial metabolic process involved in the breakdown of fatty acids. Review the following statements and identify the one that is not true:1. **The pathway is suppressed by NADH and acetyl CoA.** 2. **The committed step involves an acyl carrier protein (ACP).**3. **In prokaryotes, the redox reactions occur in the cytoplasm.**4. **Each round shortens the fatty acid chain by two carbons.**Please consider each option carefully to determine which statement does not correctly describe the β-oxidation pathway.

In metabolism, β-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down.…

Answered: All of the following statements about…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Transamination is a chemical reaction that transfers an amino group to a keto acid to form new amino acids. This pathway is responsible for the deamination of most amino acids. This pathway is one of the major degradation pathways that converts essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids (amino acids that can be synthesized de novo by the organism). Transamination reactions can be regarded as anaplerotic pathways because they are reversible reactions that can yield citric acid cycle intermediates. Cells containing amino acids in abundance can convert them via transamination to needed intermediates. Being reversible, transaminations can be used either for amino acid synthesis or for replenishment of citric acid cycle intermediates, depending on the needs of the cell. Corresponding pairs of reactants (amino acids) and products (intermediates) are called transamination pairs. Identify the transamination pairs among the following species. Drag the appropriate species to their…
Yeasts and plants can use acetyl-CoA as a carbon source by omitting which two steps in the TCA cycle? O Citrate isocitrate; isocitrate → a-ketoglutarate O Isocitrate → a-ketoglutarate; a -ketoglutarate → succinyl-CoA - O Oxaloacetate citrate; malate → oxaloacetate O Succinyl-CoA succinate; succinate → fumarate
Which of the following is true regarding the oxidation of 1 molecule of palmitate to 8 molecules of acetyl CoA by the beta-oxidation pathway? 7 molecules of FADH2 are formed None of the above 8 molecules of FADH2 are formed 8 molecules of NADH are formed BOTH 8 molecules of NADH are formed AND 8 molecules of FADH2 are formed
Triglyceride is an important energy reserve material for human body. When sugar supply is insufficient, triglyceride can be powered by B oxidation and decomposition of fatty acids. When sugar intake is excessive, triglyceride can also be synthesized by de novo synthesis. List the differences between the fatty acid beta oxidation pathway and the de novo synthesis pathway (identify at least five differences)
In step 4 of glycolysis, F16BP is converted to GAP and DHAP. In the mechanism carried out by the aldolase (the enzyme the carries out this reaction) an active site lysine residue reacts with the substrates' carbonyl group to form a Schiff base. Briefly, what is the logic behind the formation of the Schiff base (i.e. why is it beneficial that the enzyme forms this Schiff base)?
An organism is fed 14C-labeled acetic acid; the acetic acid is labeled at the 2-carbon(the methyl group carbon). Hint: Go to the Sigma-Aldrich Corporation page on isoprenebiosynthesis and look at the mevalonate pathway. Note that the acetic acid is convertedto acetyl-CoA prior to entering the pathway.Which carbons would contain the radioactive-labeled in the isoprene produced by themevalonate pathway? Circle them, and show how you derived the answer.
How many moles of ATP are synthesized by adding stearate to TCA through B-oxidation? Why is that? Briefly explain.
Why are there reversible steps in the glycolytic pathway? Explain why they all be could not be irreversible?
Which of the following statements inaccurately describes glutamate dehydrogenase? Glutamate dehydrogenase uses either NAD+ or NADP+ in a redox reaction Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes an oxidative deamination reaction Glutamate dehydrogenase equilibrium lies with the reductive amination of glutamate Glutamate dehydrogenase utilizes hydrolysis to release ammonium from an imine intermediate
The conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA involves an oxidative decarboxylation. Correct the path of the electrons through this mechanism: Pyruvate -> NAD -> lipoamide -> FAD -> TPP
Which one of the following pairs of compounds are joined together to conserve carbon in the glyoxylate cycle? Acetyl-CoA + Glyoxylate Oxaloacetate + Malate CO2 + CO2 Pyruvate + CO2 Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate + CO2 O O O O C
What does the term “oxidative phosphorylation” mean? What is substrate-level phosphorylation? Are these processes the same? Explain.

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