A. C,H¿N В. СН-N C. CH;P 1. Which of the compounds, A–C, is most likely to dissolve both of the other compounds?. Explain your answer referencing intermolecular forces. Predict if the formation of each of the solutions will be endothermic, exothermic, or ideal. • Predict if the vapor pressure of each solution will be greater than, less than, or the same as the vapor pressure predicted by Raoult's law.

A. C,H¿N В. СН-N C. CH;P 1. Which of the compounds, A–C, is most likely to dissolve both of the other compounds?. Explain your answer referencing intermolecular forces. Predict if the formation of each of the solutions will be endothermic, exothermic, or ideal. • Predict if the vapor pressure of each solution will be greater than, less than, or the same as the vapor pressure predicted by Raoult's law.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter11: Properties Of Solutions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 67E: Which of the following will have the lowest total vapor pressure at 25C? a. pure water (vapor...

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A forensic chemist is given a white solid that is suspected of being pure cocaine (C17H21NO4, molar mass = 303.35 g/mol). She dissolves 1.22 0.01 g of the solid in 15.60 0.01 g benzene. The freezing point is lowered by 1.32 0.04C. a. What is the molar mass of the substance? Assuming that the percent uncertainty in the calculated molar mass is the same as the percent uncertainty in the temperature change, calculate the uncertainty in the molar mass. b. Could the chemist unequivocally state that the substance is cocaine? For example, is the uncertainty small enough to distinguish cocaine from codeine (C18H21NO3, molar mass = 299.36 g/mol)? c. Assuming that the absolute uncertainties in the measurements of temperature and mass remain unchanged, how could the chemist improve the precision of her results?
Which of the following will have the lowest total vapor pressure at 25C? a. pure water (vapor pressure = 23.8 torr at 25C) b. a solution of glucose in water with C6H12O6=0.01 c. a solution of sodium chloride in water with NaCl = 0.01 d. a solution of methanol in water with CH3OH=0.2 (Consider the vapor pressure of both methanol [143 torr at 25C] and water.)
The vapor pressure of methanol, CH3OH, is 94 torr at 20 C. The vapor pressure of ethanol, C2H5OH, is 44 torr at the same temperature. (a) Calculate the mole fraction of methanol and of ethanol in a solution of 50.0 g of methanol and 50.0 g of ethanol. (b) Ethanol and methanol form a solution that behaves like an ideal solution. Calculate the vapor pressure of methanol and of ethanol above the solution at 20 C.
Calculate the freezing point of 525 g of water that contains 25.0 g of NaCl. Assume i, the vant Hoff factor, is 1.85 for NaCl.
The solubility of NaCl in water at 100 C is 39.1 g/100. g of water Calculate the boiling point of this solution. (Assume i = 1.85 for NaCl.)
What is the usual solubility behavior of an ionic compound in water when the temperature is raised? Give an example of an exception to this behavior.
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly used to melt ice on roads during the winter. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is sometimes used for this purpose too. Let us compare the effectiveness of equal masses of these two compounds in lowering the freezing point of water, by calculating the freezing point depression of solutions containing 200. g of each salt in 1.00 kg of water. (An advantage of CaCl2 is that it acts more quickly because it is hygroscopic, that is. it absorbs moisture from the air to give a solution and begin the process. A disadvantage is that this compound is more costly.)
If 291g of a compound is added to 1.02 kg of water to increase the boiling point by 5.77C, what is the molar mass of the added compound? (Assume a van t Hoff factor of 1.) a 31.1 g/mol b 30.3 g/mol c 28.5 g/mol d 18.3 g/mol e 25.3 g/mol
A compound contains 42.9% C, 2.4% H, 16.6% N, and 38.1% O. The addition of 3.16 g of this compound to 75.0 mL of cyclohexane (d=0.779g/mL) gives a solution with a freezing point at 0.0C. Using Table 10.2, determine the molecular formula of the compound.
Vapor-pressure lowering is a colligative property, as are freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation. What is a colligative property? Why is the freezing point depressed for a solution as compared to the pure solvent? Why is the boiling point elevated for a solution as compared to the pure solvent? Explain how to calculate T for a freezing-point depression problem or a boiling-point elevation problem. Of the solvents listed in Table 10-5, which would have the largest freezing-point depression for a 0.50 molal solution? Which would have the smallest boiling-point elevation for a 0.50 molal solution? A common application of freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation experiments is to provide a means to calculate the molar mass of a nonvolatile solute. What data are needed to calculate the molar mass of a nonvolatile solute? Explain how you would manipulate these data to calculate the molar mass of the nonvolatile solute.
Using KF as an example, write equations that refer to Hsoln and Hhyd Lattice energy was defined in Chapter 3 as H for the reaction K+(g) + F (g) KF(s). Show how you would utilize Hesss law to calculate Hso1n from Hhyd and HLE for KF, where HLE = lattice energy. Hsoln for KF, as for other soluble ionic compounds, is a relatively small number. How can this be since Hhyd and HLE are relatively large negative numbers?
Freezing point depression is one means of determining the molar mass of a compound. The freezing point depression constant of benzene is 5.12 C/m. a. When a 0.503 g sample of the white crystalline dimer is dissolved in 10.0 g benzene, the freezing point of benzene is decreased by 0542 C. Verify that the molar mass of the dimer is 475 g/mol when determined by freezing point depression. Assume no dissociation of the dimer occurs. b. The correct molar mass of the dimer is 487 g/mol. Explain why the dissociation equilibrium causes the freezing point depression calculation to yield a lower molar mass for the dimer.