Part II. The parts of an action potential. The following is a diagram of an action potential in aneuron. |+40Voltage (mV)-55-70Threshold0a.b.C.Stimulus1ActionpotentialDepolarizationRepolarizationFailedinitiations23Time (ms)Resting stateRefractoryperiodBetween the stars, what would be the gating mechanism of the sodium channels if this wasan olfactory receptor cell?Between the star and smiley, what types of channels are opening, AND what is their gatingmechanism?Between the smiley and heart,gatedchannels open.gatedchannels close and

The difference in electrical charge that exists between the inside and outside of a cell membrane is…

a. Between the stars, what would be the gating mechanism of the sodium channels if this was an olfactory receptor cell? b. Between the star and smiley, what types of channels are opening, AND what is their gating mechanism? Between the smiley and heart, gated C. channels open. gated channels close and

a. Between the stars, what would be the gating mechanism of the sodium channels if this was an olfactory receptor cell? b. Between the star and smiley, what types of channels are opening, AND what is their gating mechanism? Between the smiley and heart, gated C. channels open. gated channels close and

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Similar questions

Which of the following statements is true? a. Specific taste buds are located in each area of the tongue thus, can only determine a specific taste.b. The middle tongue contains taste buds which can only determine salty taste.c. The taste buds can determine all taste, but are located in different areas and different quantities on thetongue.d. Taste buds contain gustatory cells specific for a certain taste.
Which of the following statements about a sensory cell is FALSE?
Given what you already know about the sensation of pain, what is the expected change in membrane potential when pain is felt by sensory receptors? Select one: a. The nerve impulses increase in strength and lower the threshold potential. b. The nerve impulses occur more frequently, thereby transmitting more action potentials according to the intensity of pain. c. The nerve impulses occur more frequently and prevent neurons from entering the refractory period. d. The nerve impulses increase in strength, thereby making the maximum membrane potential higher than normal.
Colour blindness can result from the loss of specific types of cones, or it can occur in individuals having fewer cones of a given type. An individual has 50% less than the normal number of green cone photoreceptors in his or her retina. How would this affect his or her vision? a. This person has night blindness. He or she should start to eat more carrots to replenish the stock of retinal molecules in the retina. b. This person will have difficulty adapting to varying light levels. His or her cone receptors take much longer to adapt in a brightly lit area. c. This person does not have a colour blindness because no green cone photoreceptors are in the retina; only red, yellow, and blue photoreceptors exist. d. This person has a mild green colour blindness. He or she cannot see green colours very clearly and has difficulty distinguishing colours involving green hues.
Which of the following happens in taste receptor cells when the membrane is depolarized by a receptor potential? a. Voltage-gated Ca?+ channels open, triggering the release of neurotransmitter. b. Voltage gated K+ channels open, triggering the release of neurotransmitter. c. Voltage-gated Ca?+ channels open, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitter. d. Voltage gated K+ channels open, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitter. e. Cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels open, increasing the release of neurotransmitter.
What is the shape of a receptive field of a simple cell in the primary visual cortex?A. Either a bar or an edge, in a fixed positionB. Either a bar or an edge, anywhere within a large area of the retinaC. Either a bar or an edge, with a strong inhibitory field at one endD. A circle, with a surround that responds in the opposite way
Which of the following statements about sensory receptors is FALSE?
how does visual transduction occur in rods? Select one: a. By inhibition: light bleaches the rhodopsin molecules, which closes sodium channels. This hyperpolarizes the rods and increases GABA release. b. By excitation: light inhibits rhodopsin molecules, which blocks sodium ion influx. This depolarizes the rods and causes glutamate release. c. By inhibition: light bleaches rhodopsin molecules, which closes sodium channels. This hyperpolarizes the rods and reduces glutamate release. d. By excitation: light activates rhodopsin molecules, which opens sodium channels. This depolarizes the rods and causes glutamate release
In the olfactory receptor cells of mammals, what binds to specific odorant molecules?
Vision is a complex process. The human eye has many structures that contribute to vision. Which of the following statements describing the structures involved in the process of vision is NOT correct? a. Ciliary muscles change the shape of the lens to focus both near and distant objects. b. The cornea and lens bend light to focus the image on the retina. c. The iris relaxes and contracts to protect the retina from excess light. d. Lenses move forward or backward to control the amount of light striking the retina.
There are five basic tastes—sour, salty, sweet, bitter, and“umami.” Salt is detected when the concentration of salt outside of a taste bud cell is higher than that inside of it, and ionchannels allow the passive leakage of Na+into the cell. Theresulting change in membrane potential (see Concept 7.4)sends the “salty” signal to the brain. Umami is a savory tastegenerated by glutamate (glutamic acid, found in monosodiumglutamate, or MSG), which is used as a flavor enhancer in foodssuch as taco-flavored tortilla chips. The glutamate receptor is aGPCR, which, when bound, initiates a signaling pathway thatends with a cellular response, perceived by you as “taste.” If youeat a regular potato chip and then rinse your mouth, you willno longer taste salt. But if you eat a flavored tortilla chip andthen rinse, the taste persists. (Try it!) Propose a possible explanation for this difference.
Why is a retinal defect, such as retinitis pigmentosa, which causes tunnel vision, associated with night blindness? a. Tunnel vision and night blindness are unrelated conditions. b. The high density of rod photoreceptors in the fovea are unaffected in each condition. c. The highest resolution cone photoreceptors are found exclusively in the outer regions of the retina. d. The color-detecting cone photoreceptors have the greatest density in the outer regions of the retina. e. The highly-sensitive rod photoreceptors are located in the outer regions of the retina.