Consider the following hypothetical population of ON-center ganglion cells (A-E) whose receptive fields are distributed across a light-dark edge. A B D Light E -Edge ON-center ganglion cell while ON-center ganglion cell Cell A, Cell D Cell B, Cell E Cell D, Cell B Cell B, Cell D Cell A, Cell E Dark would record the highest firing rate, would record the lowest firing rate.
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- What is the shape of a receptive field of a ganglion cell?A. Either a bar or an edge, in a fixed positionB. Either a bar or an edge, anywhere within a large area of the retinaC. Either a bar or an edge, with a strong inhibitory field at one endD. A circle, with a surround that responds in the opposite waySelect the options that properly describe the function and features of rods. A bright blue light would stimulate rods more than cones. In low light conditions rods perceive color as gray cale. sensitive to bright light conditions. Rods are sensitive to vision in low light conditions. In low light conditions rods perceive color as blue scale. Low light conditions are viewed in blue scale. O The absorbance of rhodopsin in the rods is much more sensitive than in the cone opsins. Rods are sensitive to vision in bright light conditions. sensitive to low light conditions. Rods are sensitive to low light conditions. V The absorbance of rhodopsin in the cones is much more sensitive than in the rods opsins. Rods are sensitive to bright light conditions.The figure illustrates the receptive field of an OFF-center ganglion cell under different light conditions. Rank the neuronal activity (highest to lowest) from A to D. A Center Surround B D C OOOO
- What characteristic distinguishes dendrites from axons?a. Presence of branches at the tipsb. Direction of impulse transmission relative to cell bodyc. Whether they direct impulses toward or away from the braind. Presence of sodium channels in the cell membrane6clera Matching Match each lettered term with the most closely related description. a. ganglion cells 17 Visual pigment 17 b. cones 18 Eyelids 18 C. vascular layer 19 Transparent proteins in the cells of a lens 20 White of the eye 19 d. rods scleva Pupil 20 e. optic disc 21 Opening surrounded by the iris 22 Inner layer 21 f. posterior chamber 22 g. crystallins 23 Site of vitreous body 23 h. sclera 24 Photoreceptors that enable vision in dim light 24 Yods i. retina 25 Extends between the iris and the ciliary body and lens 25 j. occipital lobe k. palpebrae 1. rhodopsin 26 Sharpest vision 26 27 Visual cortex 27 28 28 Photoreceptors that provide the perception of color Cones 29 m. fovea centralis 29 Their axons form the optic nerves 30 n. posterior cavity 30 Iris, ciliary body, and choroid Optic disk 31 o. pupil 31 Region of retina called the "blind spot" Section integration A bright flash of light from nearby exploding fireworks blinds Rachel's eyes. The result is a "ghost image ins on…Explain how the number of rod or cone cells synapsing on asingle ganglion cell allows cones to produce a clearer image.
- Select the options that properly describe the function and features of cone cones can see red, glue and green. A A bright blue light would stimulate rods more than cones. O In low light conditions cones perceive color as gray cale. O In low light conditions cones perceive color as blue scale. O cones view low light conditions in grayscale. O cones are sensitive to bright light conditions.Actin and myosin in the sarcomeres will remain Douna. O Actin and myosin in the sarcomeres are in the unbound state. Question 41 Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation? O After the wound healed, the pain also went away. O You notice the smell of liver and onions cooking when you enter the kitchen, but soon you do not notice the odor although they are still cooking. When it is totally dark, the rods and cones of the eyes do not send any visual impulses. O The act of trying to read a book while riding in a car causes eyestrain. Question 42 What determines "loudness"? O The number of hair cells that are stimulated. O The wave frequency or number of vibrations per second. O As the noise gets louder, the auditory (Eustachian) tube expands. 1 pts 1 ptsMatch the receptors in column A with the stimulus it perceives la column B and the type of receptor in column C. You will have two- letter answer per number. A._____1. Free nerve ending_____2.Merkel cells_____3.Krause end bulbs_____4.Meissner corpuscle_____5.Pacinian corpuscle_____6.Ruffini’s ending B.a. Temperaturesb. Touchc. Pressured. Paine. Taste C.v. Mechano receptorw. Nociceptory. Thermo receptorz. Proprioceptor
- An individual diagnosed with CMT has difficulty holding a cup because: a. The myelin in the motor neurons is damaged thereby preventing an impulse frommoving along the axonb. The myelin in the sensory neurons is damaged thereby preventing an impulse frommoving along the axonc. The dendrites in the motor neurons are damaged thereby preventing an impulse frommoving along the axond. The dendrites in the sensory neurons are damaged thereby preventing an impulse frommoving along the axonYou fill up the tub to take a hot bath, but the water istoo hot. You test it a second and third time within a fewseconds, and it feels okay. Which of the following is themost likely explanation?a. The water has cooled down unusually quickly.b. Your ability to sense heat has adapted.c. Your nervous system is suddenly not functioningproperly.d. Someone added ice cubes to your bath.1. You are recording from four separate ganglion cells, whose receptive fields are represented in the image below. All of these ganglion cells are center-on cells. Note: in this image, grey represents light (sorry, it's a little confusing, but it's hard to represent light in a black and white static image!). A B D (a) (1 point) What are the first order cells that make up each receptive field? (b)(1 point) What is the response of the first-order cells in the center of cell A when light shines on that area? (c) (1 point) Is the response you described in (b) different for the first-order cells that make up the surround of cell A when light is shining on them? (d) (3 points) Describe what accounts for the difference in the response of ganglion cells B and C. Be specific and be sure to include the role of all relevant interneurons.