Which of the following happens in taste receptor cells when the membrane is depolarized by a receptor potential? a. Voltage-gated Ca?+ channels open, triggering the release of neurotransmitter. b. Voltage gated K+ channels open, triggering the release of neurotransmitter. c. Voltage-gated Ca?+ channels open, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitter. d. Voltage gated K+ channels open, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitter. e. Cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels open, increasing the release of neurotransmitter.
Q: The National Parks are lands that are set aside to protect the local ecosystem. Is your park as…
A: Environmental pollution may be a serious global challenge that impacts the health and well-being of…
Q: read the article that is in the images and write the most important data
A: The article discusses the body parts of the animal's abdomen. The body parts that are discussed here…
Q: Nucleation of straight, single line microfilaments is mediated by which of the following? Rho GTPase…
A: The nucleation of actin filaments is a tightly regulated process that involves several proteins.…
Q: What is the diagnostic importance of examining blood smears? Bone marrow smear?
A: Blood and bone marrow smears are two essential diagnostic techniques wont to evaluate various blood…
Q: Antibiotics can interfere with ATP production through the electron transport chain. State which…
A: Anti-microbials can disturb ATP generation by interfering with the electron transport chain, which…
Q: You are working in the lab with two known carcinogens found in cigarette smoke: Benzo(a)pyren (BaP)…
A: Carcinogens are substances or agents that have the ability to cause cancer by altering or damaging…
Q: 9. Which statement best describes the relationship between the theory of evolution and the origin of…
A: 9) The question is about the relationship between the theory of evolution and the origin of life.…
Q: What was the focus of Richard Lee's research with the !Kung (now referred to as the San or…
A: Richard Lee is a professor at the University of California, San Diego, and is known for his research…
Q: What is the function of each of the RNAs below in translation? 1. mRNA 2. tRNA 3. rRNA mRNA tRNA…
A: Introduction Translation is the process by which proteins are synthesized from the genetic…
Q: Types of immunological tolerance
A: Immunological tolerance is a state in which the immune system does not mount an immune response…
Q: Draw Сontour of regulation of restoration of a rhythm of breath after a deep inspiration and keeping…
A: Mechanisms of breathing- inspirationWhen you breathe incomes between the ribs contract, pulling the…
Q: In addition to analgesia, what are the major physiological effects of opioid drugs?
A: In addition to analgesia (pain relief), opioid drugs have a number of other physiological effects on…
Q: Label the immunohistochemistry-negative specimen to identify what tissue is present. Evaluate the…
A: Based on the primary observation, this picture appears to be mesenchymal organ cells of the kidney.…
Q: Irreversible organ failure remains a worldwide concern as demand for transplantable organs far…
A: Neomycin: Neomycin is an antibiotic medication used to treat or prevent bacterial infections. It…
Q: Environment: Polluted Forest Typica Carbonaria Typica Carbonaria Total Phenotype Frequency 9 Moths…
A: Trait is a characteristic feature that is unique to particular individual. It is represented by…
Q: 4. Describe three examples of how echinoderms shape and change the ecological communities in which…
A: Introduction Animals without vertebral column or backbone are known as invertebrates. They make up…
Q: Discuss how the fruit or vegetable category functions in relation to health.
A: Introduction :- The fruit and vegetable category is essential for maintaining good health. Fruits…
Q: Discuss the medical and economic importance of the Betaproteobacteria
A: Introducion Bacteria are prokaryotic, unicellular organisms. Bacteria do not have true nucleus and…
Q: Which of the following pairings is correct? Select all that apply. Check All That Apply…
A: Protostomes and deuterostomes are two types of bilaterally symmetrical animals with distinct…
Q: Identify and discuss two specific nutrients found in fruits and vegetables and what health issues or…
A: Introduction Nutrients are substances found in food that are essential for the proper functioning of…
Q: When the weight is traveling downwards, what are the agonist(s) for the action occurring at the…
A: An agonist is a muscle or a group of muscles that directly contributes to the execution of a…
Q: 11. Which of the following would you consider most fragile (or least stable): an alpine tundra or a…
A: Introduction The term "vegetation" describes the plant life that is present in a specific location…
Q: How much daily pasture dry matter (kg DM per day) does a 60kg female sheep (at maintenance) would…
A: Maintenance in female sheep (ewe) is the period after lactation during which ewe only need to…
Q: The sensory systems are complex and have the amazing ability to respond to different types of…
A: A sensory system is a complex network of organs, nerves, and cells that work together to detect,…
Q: Cats must eat several times a day. Mention two scientific articles that prove this premise.
A: In the wild, cats are natural hunters and consume small prey throughout the day. Domesticated cats…
Q: SIR With Simple Demographics 7. What is the equation that describes Ro for this model?
A: The SIR model is a compartmental model, where each individual falls in one of the three…
Q: question: based on the graph, how could you best describe the relationship between the egg size…
A: Researchers can get insights into the ecological challenges and trade-offs encountered by these…
Q: 1. explain the significance of having growth or no growth on the control plate.
A: Note: “Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first…
Q: Describe how P1vir transduction can be used to introduce a gene mutation into E. coli. Use your own…
A: Transduction is a process of bacterial genetic transfer in which bacterial DNA is transferred from…
Q: Hot tub folliculitis is a skin infection that occurs around the lower parts of hair follicles. It is…
A: The gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly found in soil, water, and moist…
Q: Cocaine prevents the reuptake of dopamine to the pre-synaptic neuron. Consequently, dopamine is…
A: Cocaine is a psychostimulant drug that alters dopamine levels in the brain. Dopamine is a…
Q: Which of the following kinesins slides microtubules along each other in an antiparallel direction?…
A: Kinesins are the motor protein found in all eukaryotic organisms and these proteins are essential to…
Q: Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion Choose the 1 incorrect answer: A. The…
A: Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which is transmitted to…
Q: Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion Consider a strand of DNA in which 14% of the…
A: Nitrogenous bases are organic molecules that serve as the building blocks for DNA and RNA. In DNA,…
Q: Which of the following actin crosslinking proteins organizes actin microfilaments in parallel files?…
A: Introduction Actin strands are linked or crosslinked together by proteins called actin crosslinking…
Q: Explain how hormones influences the growth of bone
A: Bone development is a complex process that involves several stages and numerous molecular and…
Q: The peripheral nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. Question 11 options:…
A: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system that is outside of the brain…
Q: pH 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 Absorbance 0.098 0.027 0.068 0.028 0.032 0.054…
A: To calculate the amount of soluble protein (in grams) in the soy flour extract, we need to use the…
Q: Would you donate a kidney to a friend of family member whose kidneys were failing? Would you…
A: Living kidney donation is one of the best options for the people needing new kidney. To donate to a…
Q: 1. Analyze Are any of Jerry's sibling homozygous for the sickle cell trait? Are any of Jerry's…
A: The representations of normal and sickle cell trait are as follows : HbSHbS - Normal hemoglobin…
Q: 2. What is a cephalic alae? Give a parasite that possess this characteristic and explain.
A: Introduction : Pinworms are known by their scientific name, Enterobius vermicularis. Pinworms are…
Q: What are some typical examples of cases that fall under the False Claims Act, have you seen any on…
A: The False Claims Act is a federal law that imposes liability on individuals and companies who…
Q: S. Epidermidis E. Coli E. aerogenes P. búlgaros B. subtilis Record results of each organism for the…
A: Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that belong to the domain Bacteria. They are among the…
Q: A cat's stomach can produce excess acidity if it goes hours without eating.
A: The cat digestive system is similar to other carnivorous mammals, with a short digestive tract…
Q: A. Aerobic respiration 1. Oxygen absorption Time interval (minutes) 5 5 5 5 Height of indicator…
A: Working on scientific challenges requires the power to assess data and derive meaningful conclusions…
Q: 1a. Describe three types of cytoskeletal filaments. What functions do they serve in the cell? What…
A: Proteins are vital to the structure and work of cells. Certain proteins are secreted from the cell…
Q: Q4.13. Which of the following statements about sexual selection is correct? Female choice expected…
A: Sexual selection is the process that drives the evolution of traits for mating success in…
Q: What types of granules are present within granulocytes? Give the functional importance of these…
A: White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are a type of blood cell that are an essential part of…
Q: What effect does varying the stimulation frequency have on contractile force? Which stimulus…
A: The capacity of muscles to contract and create force could be a principal aspect of human…
Q: how to culture the 26s rRNA of yeast
A: Introduction: Yeast are a diverse group of single-celled fungi that play important roles in many…
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- ab ock fn Identify the similarity between sweet receptors and bitter receptors. Choose the correct option. O a. Both are G-protein-coupled receptors O b. Both are expressed in the same taste cell O c. Both stimulate the same gustatory axon O d. Both use T1R2 and T1R3 receptor proteins + QUESTION 19 esc 14 →→ QUESTION 20 Identify which of the following best describes the central taste pathways. Choose the correct option. O a. Axons of all 12 cranial nerves terminate in the gustatory nucleus of the brain stem, which projects to the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus, which in turn sends axons to the primary gustatory cortex and the insula O b. Axons of three cranial nerves terminate in the gustatory nucleus of the brain stem, which projects to the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus, which in turn sends axons to the primary gustatory cortex and the insula O c. Axons of all 12 cranial nerves terminate in the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus,…Transduction of a stimulus usually causes depolarization of a sensory receptor. a.)In most receptors, what is the chemical basis for this depolarization (that is, what is the specific mechanism for the change)?b.)How is a photoreceptor different from other receptors in terms of its membrane potential? c.) Explain how photoreceptors in the light can lead to excitation of some bipolar cells and inhibition of othersWhat type of epithelial cells are the actual receptor cells for taste in each taste bud? A. supporting cells B. olfactory epithelial cells C. gustatory epithelial cells D. basal epithelial cells In terms of eye reflexes, extrinsic eye muscles are responsible for medial eye movements that is essential for near vision. This movement is called _______ (both eyes are directed toward the near object viewed). A. visual acuity B. binocular vision C. depth perception D. convergence Olfactory sensory neurons have olfactory ______ that extend outward from the epithelium for conveying impulses in sensation of smell. A. papillae B. supporting cells C. olfactory epithelium D. cilia
- A patient presents with the chief complaint of being unable to perceive “saltiness,” but they can perceive other flavors. From the image below, you propose the following pathway changes for sour perceptions as an explanation for these symptoms: A. The channels for Na+ were damaged B. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are not functioning C. There is no neurotransmitter release D. The afferent nerve is damaged E. All the above are viable pathway changes that would uniquely prevent the perception of saltywhat statement is true about Olfactory epithelium and bulb a. Olfactory neurons in the olfactory epithelium are bipolar neurons. Their distal ends are enlarged as olfactory vesicles, which have long cilia. b. The cilia have receptors that respond to dissolved substances. There are approximately 1000 different odorant receptors. c. The receptors activate a G protein complex, which opens ion channels. d. At least 7 (perhaps 50) primary odors exist. The olfactory neurons have a very low threshold and accommodate rapidly.In most neurons, membrane depolarization leads to the opening of voltage-dependent ion channels, generation of an action potential, and, ultimately, an influx of Ca2+, which causes release of neurotransmitter at the axon terminus. Devise a cellular strategy by which hyperpolarization in rod cells could produce excitation of the visual pathway and passage of visual signals to the brain. (Hint: The neuronal signaling pathway in higher organisms consists of a series of neurons that relay information to the brain. The signal released by one neuron can be either excitatory or inhibitory to the following, postsynaptic neuron.)
- what statement is false about Olfactory epithelium and bulb a. Olfactory neurons in the olfactory epithelium are bipolar neurons. Their distal ends are enlarged as olfactory vesicles, which have long cilia. b. The cilia have receptors that respond to dissolved substances. There are approximately 1000 different odorant receptors. c. The receptors activate a G protein complex, which opens ion channels. d. At least 7 (perhaps 50) primary odors exist. The olfactory neurons have a very low threshold and accommodate rapidly.The first relay in the brain for nerves carrying taste information is: a. the cerebral cortex b. the hypothalamus c. the orbital prefrontal cortex d. the nucleus of the solitary tract A single action potential in a somatic motoneuron produces a twitch in the muscle it innervates. Generation of sustained contraction is a product of that motoneuron producing multiple action potentials. What is a term used to describe this phenomenon? a. Stretch reflex b. Temporal summation c. Spatial summation d. Muscle fatigueDiisopropyl fluorophosphate is an insecticide that works by binding with cholinesterase enzyme. Which of the following statements does NOT describe the function of diisopropyl fluorophosphate correctly? a. It blocks the acetylcholine receptor in the postsynaptic membrane. b. It causes acetylcholine to continuously contract the diaphragm or heart muscle, which leads to death. c. It causes muscle fatigue and paralysis to occur as muscle contraction cannot be suppressed. d. It causes acetylcholine to accumulate in the synapse.
- 1) The olfactory receptor neurons in frogs resemble those of mammals, in that they express olfactory receptors that are coupled to a G protein. When the G protein is activated, it activates an adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP, which then opens cyclic-AMP gated cation channels in the plasma membrane. The opening of these channels depolarizes the membrane, leading to the production of an action potential. Your friend is interested in why neurons stop responding to an odor after prolonged exposure to it, a process called adaptation. He has conducted experiments examining the depolarization of the olfactory receptor neuron, the binding of odorant to the receptor, the activation of the G protein, the levels of CAMP in the cell, and the phosphorylation of adenylyl cyclase. His results are summarized in Table 1. depolarization of neuron? odorant binding to receptor? activation of the G protein? CAMP levels in the cell? adenylyl cyclase phosphorylation? no odor no no no low no Table 1 brief…1.) The rods absorb light and initiate a neural impulse to the brain when. A.) rhodopsin splits into retinal and opsin thereby stopping the release of an inhibitory neurotransmitter B.) retinal and opsin combine into rhodopsin thereby releasing a stimulatory neurotransmitter C.) iodopsin splits into photopsin and retinal thereby stopping the release of an inhibitory neurotransmitter D.) retinal and photopsin combine into iodopsin thereby releasing a stimulatory neurotransmitter 2.) After a neuronal membrane has become depolarized its resting potential is reestablished when A.) Na^ + diffuse into the neural fibre B.) Na^ + diffuse out the neural fibre. C.) K^ + diffuse into the neural fibre D.) K^ + diffuse out the neural fibre 3.) The middle car chamber is an airfilled in the head"which is adapted to allow free movement of the tympanum as it vibrates. Unless the pressure in the chamber…When light hits a retinal molecule bound to the rhodopsin, the retinal molecule changes its conformation, going from a cis- configuration to an all-trans configuration (see figure below). This forces the rhodopsin receptor to also undergo a change in its conformation and become activated. 11-cis isomer ** Light Retinal is therefore a key player that triggers a series of activation in phototransduction (see figure below). Phototransduction in photoreceptor cells 1000000000000000 Disc membrane 100000000000000 Disc lumen Light Rhodopsin GDP All-trans isomer J Transducin Photoreceptor cytosol GTP GTP GTP PDE CGMP CGMP CGMP inhibition PDE6i GMP GMP GMP Extracellular environment Plasma membrane 1. Light hits the retinal molecule and changes into an all-trans configuration 2. This change in the retinal conformation activates the rhodopsin photoreceptor 3. The rhodopsin photoreceptor then activates a specific heterotrimeric G protein called transducin. 4. The transducin then activates a…