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1) The olfactory receptor neurons in frogs resemble those of mammals, in that they express olfactory receptors that are coupled to a G protein. When the G protein is activated, it activates an adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP, which then opens cyclic-AMP gated cation channels in the plasma membrane. The opening of these channels depolarizes the membrane, leading to the production of an action potential. Your friend is interested in why neurons stop responding to an odor after prolonged exposure to it, a process called adaptation. He has conducted experiments examining the depolarization of the olfactory receptor neuron, the binding of odorant to the receptor, the activation of the G protein, the levels of CAMP in the cell, and the phosphorylation of adenylyl cyclase. His results are summarized in Table 1. depolarization of neuron? odorant binding to receptor? activation of the G protein? CAMP levels in the cell? adenylyl cyclase phosphorylation? no odor no no no low no Table 1 brief exposure to odor yes yes yes high no after prolonged exposure to odor no yes yes low yes From these results, what step in the odor transduction pathway is altered to elicit adaptation? Propose a possible molecular mechanism to explain why olfactory neurons no longer respond to an odor after prolonged exposure to it.

1) The olfactory receptor neurons in frogs resemble those of mammals, in that they express olfactory receptors that are coupled to a G protein. When the G protein is activated, it activates an adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP, which then opens cyclic-AMP gated cation channels in the plasma membrane. The opening of these channels depolarizes the membrane, leading to the production of an action potential. Your friend is interested in why neurons stop responding to an odor after prolonged exposure to it, a process called adaptation. He has conducted experiments examining the depolarization of the olfactory receptor neuron, the binding of odorant to the receptor, the activation of the G protein, the levels of CAMP in the cell, and the phosphorylation of adenylyl cyclase. His results are summarized in Table 1. depolarization of neuron? odorant binding to receptor? activation of the G protein? CAMP levels in the cell? adenylyl cyclase phosphorylation? no odor no no no low no Table 1 brief exposure to odor yes yes yes high no after prolonged exposure to odor no yes yes low yes From these results, what step in the odor transduction pathway is altered to elicit adaptation? Propose a possible molecular mechanism to explain why olfactory neurons no longer respond to an odor after prolonged exposure to it.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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1) The olfactory receptor neurons in frogs resemble those of mammals, in that they express olfactory receptors that are coupled to a G protein. When the G protein is activated, it activates an adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP, which then opens cyclic-AMP gated cation channels in the plasma membrane. The opening of these channels depolarizes the membrane, leading to the production of an action potential. Your friend is interested in why neurons stop responding to an odor after prolonged exposure to it, a process called adaptation. He has conducted experiments examining the depolarization of the olfactory receptor neuron, the binding of odorant to the receptor, the activation of the G protein, the levels of CAMP in the cell, and the phosphorylation of adenylyl cyclase. His results are summarized in Table 1. depolarization of neuron? odorant binding to receptor? activation of the G protein? CAMP levels in the cell? adenylyl cyclase phosphorylation? no odor no no no low no Table 1 brief exposure to odor yes yes yes high no after prolonged exposure to odor no yes yes low yes From these results, what step in the odor transduction pathway is altered to elicit adaptation? Propose a possible molecular mechanism to explain why olfactory neurons no longer respond to an odor after prolonged exposure to it.
Transcribed Image Text:1) The olfactory receptor neurons in frogs resemble those of mammals, in that they express olfactory receptors that are coupled to a G protein. When the G protein is activated, it activates an adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP, which then opens cyclic-AMP gated cation channels in the plasma membrane. The opening of these channels depolarizes the membrane, leading to the production of an action potential. Your friend is interested in why neurons stop responding to an odor after prolonged exposure to it, a process called adaptation. He has conducted experiments examining the depolarization of the olfactory receptor neuron, the binding of odorant to the receptor, the activation of the G protein, the levels of CAMP in the cell, and the phosphorylation of adenylyl cyclase. His results are summarized in Table 1. depolarization of neuron? odorant binding to receptor? activation of the G protein? CAMP levels in the cell? adenylyl cyclase phosphorylation? no odor no no no low no Table 1 brief exposure to odor yes yes yes high no after prolonged exposure to odor no yes yes low yes From these results, what step in the odor transduction pathway is altered to elicit adaptation? Propose a possible molecular mechanism to explain why olfactory neurons no longer respond to an odor after prolonged exposure to it.
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