Answered: a) What is the sign of AG°RXN? [ Select…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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All boxes please.

a answer choices: negative, positive, or neither.

b answer choices: point c, point e, point b, point a, or point d.

c answer choices: products, reactants, or neither.

D answer choices: all points, point a & b, point c only, point d only, points a, b, & c, point b only, point e only, points c, d, & e, at no points, points d & e, or point a only.

e answer choices: K=1, K<1, or K>1.

f answer choices: Q>K, Q=K, or Q<K.

$The image shows a graph titled "Free Energy versus Reaction Progress," which depicts the changes in total free energy during a chemical reaction. - **Y-Axis:** Total free energy (of reactants and products). - **X-Axis:** Reaction progress. The graph curve represents the energy profile of a reaction, starting from the reactants and ending with the products. Key points on the graph: - **Point A:** Represents the free energy of the reactants ($G_{\text{reactants}}$). - **Point B:** Indicates a transition state with a higher energy level compared to points A and C. - **Point C:** Represents a lower energy state, possibly an intermediate or a stable configuration during the reaction. - **Point D:** Represents another transition state with a higher energy level compared to point C. - **Point E:** Represents the free energy of the products ($G_{\text{products}}$). The graph shows a decrease in energy from the reactants to an intermediate state, followed by an increase as it reaches a transition state, and finally a decrease towards the products. The difference between $G_{\text{reactants}}$ and $G_{\text{products}}$ indicates whether the reaction is exergonic or endergonic.$

Transcribed Image Text:The image shows a graph titled "Free Energy versus Reaction Progress," which depicts the changes in total free energy during a chemical reaction. - **Y-Axis:** Total free energy (of reactants and products). - **X-Axis:** Reaction progress. The graph curve represents the energy profile of a reaction, starting from the reactants and ending with the products. Key points on the graph: - **Point A:** Represents the free energy of the reactants ($G_{\text{reactants}}$). - **Point B:** Indicates a transition state with a higher energy level compared to points A and C. - **Point C:** Represents a lower energy state, possibly an intermediate or a stable configuration during the reaction. - **Point D:** Represents another transition state with a higher energy level compared to point C. - **Point E:** Represents the free energy of the products ($G_{\text{products}}$). The graph shows a decrease in energy from the reactants to an intermediate state, followed by an increase as it reaches a transition state, and finally a decrease towards the products. The difference between $G_{\text{reactants}}$ and $G_{\text{products}}$ indicates whether the reaction is exergonic or endergonic.

**Educational Content: Understanding Reaction Thermodynamics**

The following questions are designed to assess your understanding of reaction thermodynamics, particularly focusing on Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and equilibrium concepts. Analyze each question carefully.

a) What is the sign of $ \Delta G^\circ_{\text{Rxn}} $?

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b) At what point on the diagram is $ \Delta G = 0 $ kJ/mol?

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c) Which type(s) of species dominate the reaction mixture at equilibrium?

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d) At what point(s) on the diagram is the reverse reaction spontaneous?

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e) What is the value of the equilibrium constant?

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f) At Point D on the diagram, what is the relationship between Q and K?

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**Explaining Diagrams:**
The diagram referenced in these questions likely represents a graph plotting Gibbs free energy changes against the progress of a reaction or similar thermodynamic properties. Each point on this diagram relates to specific reaction conditions or states, such as equilibrium, spontaneity, and rate of reaction directional favorability.

Understanding these relations:

- **ΔG = 0**: The reaction is at equilibrium.
- **Q and K relation**: Describes the reaction quotient (Q) compared to the equilibrium constant (K) to determine the reaction's direction to achieve equilibrium.

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